| A | B |
|---|
| longitude | lines that run pole to pole and give location E or W of the prime meridian |
| map projections | ways of showing a round earth on a flat piece of paper |
| mercator projection | a common type of cylindrical projection showing the entire world |
| conic projection | made as if a paper wrapped up into a cone shape was placed on the Earth's surface |
| map scale | shows the relationship of the distance on a map to the distance on the real Earth |
| graphic map scale | a drawing used to show the scale of a map |
| representative fraction map scale | shows the equivalent number of units on the map to units on the real earth |
| latitude | lines that run E-W and give location N or S of the equator |
| prime meridian | located at 0 degrees |
| topographic maps | maps that show the elevation of three dimensional landforms of the earth's surface by using contour lines |
| contour lines | connect points of equal elevation above sea level and show the shape of the land |
| elevation | height above sea level |
| contour interval | the difference in elevation between two contour lines |
| index contours | to make the map easier to read, every fifth contour line is darkened and labeled |
| benchmark | marks spot of known elevation |
| steepness | the closer together the contour lines, the steeper the slope |
| slope | steepness in feet per mile |
| relief | diference between highest and lowest elevation |
| hills | shown as a series of concentric circles that get smaller, elevations getting higher |
| valleys | occur where contour lines repeat elevation |
| depression contour | shows a temporary change in direction; similar to a "pothole" |
| the rule of V's | water always flows from higher to lower elevation; the point of the V always points upstream-toward the higher elevation so the river is flowing the opposite direction |
