| A | B |
|---|
| Abiotic | Nonliving things |
| Acid rain | rain with a pH of 5.6 or less because of pollutants in the atmosphere |
| AIDs | Caused by HIV |
| Active transport | transport using energy |
| Adaptation | traits passed on to offspring allowing for better survival in next generations |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | energy molecule when bonds break the energy is released |
| Allele | form of a gene |
| Allergen | antigen that causes immune response |
| Allergy | immune response when body responds to allergen that is not normally harmful |
| Antibody | protein that helps destroy pathogens by tagging them; specific to particular antigenÓ |
| Antigen | foreign substance that produces an immune response |
| Asexual reproduction | offspring produced by one parent |
| Autotroph | organism that creates energy from sunlight |
| Biosphere | where all organisms live on Earth |
| Biotechnology | use and application of living things and biological processes |
| Biotic | all living things |
| Blastocyst | stage of development when the zygote is a ball of cells |
| Cancer | disease from uncontrollable cell division |
| Carnivore | organism gets energy from eating other animals |
| Carrying capacity | the limit of a population number that an environment can hold |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up reactions (decreases activation energy) |
| Cell | basic unit of life |
| Cell membrane | lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm/organelles of the cell; controls movement of molecules into and out of the cellÓ |
| Cellular respiration | process that breaks down carbon molecules to create energy (ATP) |
| Chlorophyll | light absorbing pigment found in plants and other organisms that perform photosynthesis |
| Chloroplast | organelle that performs process of photosynthesis |
| Chromosome | thread of DNA with numerous genes |
| Clone | genetically identical offspring |
| Community | populations of different species in a given ecosystem |
| Competition | ecological relationship when two organisms try to obtain same resource |
| Consumer | organism that gets energy from other organisms |
| Cytoplasm | jelly-like substance inside cells that contains organelles |
| Data | observations and/or measurements recorded during an experiment |
| Decomposer | organism that breaks down organic matter to recycle nutrients back into the environment |
| Dependent variable | data collected in an experiment |
| Differentiation | the creation of specialized cells during fetal development |
| Diploid | number of chromosomes found in the somatic (body) cells of an organism (humans = 46) |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | genetic material; hereditary informationÓ |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | a state of homeostasis in which conditions fluctuate |
| Ecology | study of interactions of living things |
| Ecosystem | living and nonliving things in a given area |
| Embryo stage | stage of fetal development after the fertilized cell implants into the uterus |
| Energy Pyramid | pyramid structure diagram that organizes the energy use of producers (bottom) |
| Enzyme | protein that functions as a biological catalyst; increases rate of reactionÓ |
| Estrogen | hormone found higher in females and contributes to sexual reproduction and development |
| Evolution | change in species over time; descendents differ from ancestorsÓ |
| Experiment | process that tests a hypothesis by collecting data under controlled conditions |
| Feedback | information in a system that is compared with ideal values and aids in keeping homeostasis |
| Fertilization | fusion of sperm and egg |
| Food chain | connections between organisms in an ecosystem to demonstrate feeding behavior |
| Food Web | a network of connections showing feeding relationships in an ecosystem |
| Gamete | sex cell; sperm or egg |
| Gel electrophoresis | separating DNA fragments by adding electrical current to a gel; fragments separate according to length (small moves farther)Ó |
| Gene | region of DNA that codes for a protein |
| Gene Therapy | treating a defective or missing gene by replacing it |
| Genetic Engineering | changing an organism's DNA to produce new traits in that organism; Recombinant DNA is formed by inserting one organismÕs DNA into anotherÕs DNAÓ |
| Genome | all of an organism's DNA |
| Global Warming | trend of increase global temperature |
| Glucose | energy rich organic molecule; simple sugarÓ |
| Guard Cell | cell that controls opening of the stroma of plants |
| Habitat | biotic and abiotic found where an organism lives |
| Haploid | half of the normal chromosome number of somatic cells. Haploid number of chromosomes are found in gamete cells |
| Herbivore | organism that only eats plants |
| Heterotroph | organism that gets energy from consuming other organisms |
| Homeostasis | regulation of internal conditions of an organism |
| Hypothesis | proposed explanation to a scientific question |
| Independent Variable | condition that is manipulated (changed) during a scientific experiment |
| Introduced (exotic) species | species that is not native to the ecosystem |
| Limiting factor | Environmental factor that limits the size of a population (ex. Food |
| Meiosis | cell division that divides a diploid chromosome number into a haploid chromosome number to produce four genetically different cells; forms gametes |
| Metabolism | chemical processes that make or breakdown materials in an organism |
| Mitochondria | bean-shaped organelle that performs the reaction of cell respiration; produces energy for the cellÓ |
| Mitosis | cell division in which one cell divides to produce two diploid genetically identical cells |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA sequence |
| Natural Selection | when pressures from the environment select traits of organisms; organisms that are better adapted will produce more offspring to pass on genetic materialÓ |
| Negative Feedback | control system that adjusts conditions of an organism to maintain homeostasis |
| Neuron | Cell of nervous system that sends an impulse to other cells and interprets and stores information |
| Niche | organism's role in the ecosystem |
| Nonrenewable Resource | natural resource that is used quicker than it reforms |
| Nucleic Acid | genetic material of organisms |
| Nucleus | double membrane organelle that holds a cellÕs DNA |
| Nutrition | life process in which materials needed for energy and to maintain homeostasis are obtained or produced by the organism |
| Omnivore | organism that eats both producers and consumers |
| Organ | group of different tissue types that work together to perform a task |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs a process within a cell |
| Organic Compound | compounds made out of C |
| Organism | an individual living organismÓ |
| Ovary | organ where female gametes develop before fertilization |
| Ovum | egg cell that is produced by the female reproductive system |
| Pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice for digestion and insulin for maintenance of blood sugar levels |
| Parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one benefits and another organism is harmed |
| Pathogen | causes disease |
| pH Scale | a scale measuring the amount of H+ and OH-amounts of substance ranging from acidic (0-6) to neutral (7) to Basic (8-14) |
| Photosynthesis | light energy is converted to chemical energy in the chloroplast Reaction: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2Ó |
| Placenta | organ that develops in females during pregnancy; it allows for the diffusion of nutrients and gases from the mother to the fetus during gestationÓ |
| Plasmid | circular piece of DNA in bacteria |
| Pollution | substances added to the environment that has a negative environmental effect |
| Population | Individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
| Positive Feedback | system in which information causes the body to increase change away from homeostasis |
| Predation | process by which one organism hunts and kills another |
| Producer | organism that gets energy from abiotic sources (light |
| Protein | made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; ex. Antibodies |
| Receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs a response that is connected to that signal molecule. |
| Recombinant DNA | bacterial DNA that had a gene from another organism combined with it during the process of genetic engineering |
| Renewable Resource | resource that replaces itself quicker than it can be used |
| Replication | process that produces a copy of DNA prior to cell division |
| Restriction Enzyme | Enzyme used to cut DNA at one specific point along the nucleic acid |
| Ribosome | organelle that links amino acids to produce proteins |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | nucleic acid used as an information transfer molecule between DNA and Proteins |
| Selective Breeding | when humans select traits of organisms through breeding practices |
| Sexual Reproduction | Process when two gametes fuse to produce an organism with a unique genetic code donated by two different parents; this contributes to variation in a speciesÓ |
| Species | a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring |
| Sperm | Male gamete |
| Stimulus | something that causes a response |
| Substrate | reactant in a reaction that an enzyme acts upon |
| Succession | process in which one community is replaced by another over time |
| System | organized group of related parts that interact to complete a task |
| Testis | sexual organ of the male reproductive system that produces sperm and male reproductive characteristics |
| Testosterone | hormone that is found in males and contributes to male sexual characteristics |
| Theory | proposed explanation for a variety of observations connected to a phenomenon |
| Tissue | group of cells that work together to complete a task |
| Trait | characteristics that are inherited |
| Transcription | process by which DNA is coded into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule |
| Translation | Process by which mRNA is coded into an amino acid chain to produce a protein |
| Uterus | reproductive organ in females that a fertilized egg attaches to |
| Vaccine | weakened or dead pathogen used to stimulate immune response |
| Vacuole | organelle used to store materials such as water |
| Variation | differences in physical traits of organisms |
| White blood cell | cell of the circulatory system that produces antibodies and can engulf (ÒeatÓ) pathogens during an immune responseÓ |
| Zygote | cell formed when a male gamete fertilizes a female gamete |
