| A | B |
|---|
| sporophyte | diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism |
| gametophyte | haploid, or gamete producing, phase of an organism |
| bryophyte | nonvascular plant; examples are mosses and their relatives |
| rhizoid | in fungi, a rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an object; in mosses, a long, thin cell that anchors the moss to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the surrounding soil |
| gemma | small cup-shaped structure in liverworts that contains many haploid cells; used for asexual reproduction |
| protonema | mass of tangled green filaments in mosses that forms during germination |
| antheridium | male reproductive structure in some algae and plants |
| archegonium | female reproductive structure in some plants, including mosses and liverworts |
| vascular tissue | type of plant tissue specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout a plant |
| tracheid | hollow plant cell in xylem tissue with thick cell walls that resist pressure |
| xylem | vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant |
| phloem | vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis |
| lignin | substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid |
| root | underground organ in plants that absorbs water and minerals |
| leaf | photosynthetic organ that contains one or more bundles of vascular tissue |
| vein | in plants, a cluster of vascular tissue in leaves |
| stem | supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them |
| rhizome | creeping or underground stems in ferns |
| frond | large leaf of a fern |
| sporangium | structure in ferns and some fungi that contains spores |
| sorus | cluster of sporangia on the underside of a fern frond |
| gymnosperm | seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones |
| angiosperm | flowering plant; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed |
| cone | in gymnosperms, a seed-bearing structure |
| flower | seed-bearing structure of an angiosperm |
| pollen grain | male gametophyte in seed plants |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure |
| seed | embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply |
| embryo | organism in its early stage of development |
| seed coat | structure that surrounds and protects a plants embryo and keeps it from drying out |
| fruit | wall of tissue surrounding an angiosperm seed |
| monocot | angiosperm whose seeds have one cotyledon |
| dicot | angiosperm whose seeds have two cotyledons |
| cotyledon | first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant |
| annual | flowering plant that completes a life cycle within one growing season |
| biennial | flowering plant that completes its lifecycle in two years |
| perennial | flowering plant that lives for more than two years |
