| A | B |
|---|
| Thomas Edison | Creative American inventor of the electric light bulb, phonograph, and motion pictures |
| Albert Einstein | Jewish physicist who discovered that time and space were relative. He fled Nazi Germany and recommended development of the atomic bomb |
| Marie Curie | Polish-born chemist and physicist who conducted early experiments with radioactivity. She became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize |
| Indira Gandhi | first woman to be elected as India's Prime minister. She was later assassinated |
| Mohandas Gandhi | leader who achieved Indian independence through non-iolent, passive resistance to the British |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | General during the French Revolution who seized power in 1799, and declared himself emperor in 1804; he conquered much of Europe |
| Robert Boyle | Irish chemis who conducted experiments on gases at different temperatures; he is known as the father of chemistry |
| Louis Pasteur | scientist who found that most diseases were caused by germs. He developed new vaccines and a method to kill germs by heating--which was named after him |
| James Watt | Scottish inventor who improve the steam engine which made steam power available for transportation and to run machines in factories |
| Joseph Stalin | Communist leader following Lenin, who purged the government of his opponents; changed the Soviet economy; established a totalitarian state; resisted Hitler; started the Cold War |
| Isaac Newton | Scientist who discovered the laws of gravity |
| Queen Victoria | monarch who doubled Britain's size and favored social reforms |
| Margaret Thatcher | first woman elected Prime Minister of Great Britain |
| Zhou Dynasty | these Chinese rulers justified their rule as the "Mandate of Heaven"--if a ruler was selfish and ruthless, Heaven would overthrow him |
| Al-Waeda | terrorist organization formed by Osama bin Laden |
| Cold War | conflict between two "Superpowers" with competing economic and political systems. The United States and Soviet Union never directly engaged each other in open warfare |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister who opposed Hitler and inspired the British people with his public broadcasts during World War II |
| Mao Zedong | Chines Communist leader who drove the Nationalist Chinese out of China in 1949; instituted brutal measures to achieve Communist control of China, including the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution |
| Lech Walesa | Polish union leader who organized the Solidarity Movement; he led a worker's strike that led to free elections and the end of Communist rule in Poland |
| Tiananmen Square | Chinese students were fired on by tanks while leading peaceful demonstrations for greater personal freedom and democracy |
