| A | B |
|---|
| pericardium | covers heart |
| epicardium | outer layer, protection |
| myocardium | middle, thick, pumps blood from chambers |
| endocardium | inner, lines chambers, Purkinje fibers |
| chambers in heart | atria, ventricles |
| atria | upper chambers, receive blood returning to heart |
| ventricles | lower chambers, force blood out of heart to artery |
| interatrial septum | separates R and L atria |
| interventricular septum | separates R and L ventricles |
| AV valve | valve between an atrium and a ventricle |
| R atrium | receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava |
| tricuspid valve | valve between R atrium and R ventricle |
| Right chamber | pumps blood to lungs |
| Left chamber | pumps blood to body |
| L atrium | receives blood from lungs |
| Left side heart | thicker |
| bicuspid valve | mitral |
| bicuspid valve | valve between L atrium and L ventricle |
| collateral circulation | alternate pathways for blood |
| when atrial walls contract | ventricle walls relax |
| ventricle walls contract while | atrial walls relax |
| cardiac cycle | heart beat |
| systole | during contraction |
| diastole | during relaxation |
| atria empty during | systole |
| atria fill during | diastole |
| depolarization | contraction |
| polarization | relaxation |
| atria contract | ventricles fill |
| ventricles contract | atria fill |
| heartbeat | sounds like lubb-dupp, vibrations as blood flows |
| lubb | during ventricle contraction, AV closing |
| dupp | ventricles relax |
| murmur | abnormal sound heard when valves don't close completely |
| sinoatrial node S-A | pacemaker of heart, 70-80, in R atria |
| atrioventricular node A-V | in interatrial septum, delay signal |
| bundle of his | only electrical connection between atria/ventricles |
| Purkinje fibers | cause ventricles to contract |
| p wave | atria depolarize (contraction) |
| qrs complex | ventricles depolarize (contract) |
| t wave | ventricles repolarize (relax) |
| acetylcholine | decreases SA and AV node activity |
| potassium | affects electrical potential of cell mem. |
| calcium | affects cardiac muscle fiber |
| hyper K | blocks cardiac impulses |
| hyper C | increases HR, prolonged contraction |
| hypo K | abnormal rhythm |
| hypo C | depresses heart action |
| arteries | carry blood AWAY from heart, O2'd |
| tunica interna(intima) | innermost layer |
| tunica media | middle layer, bulk of wall |
| tunica externa(adventitia) | outer layer, thin |
| vasoconstriction | contract, reduce diameter of vessel |
| vasodilation | relax, dilates diameter of vessel |
| capillaries | smallest, gase exchanges take place |
| veins | carry blood TO heart, contain valves |
| blood pressure | force blood exerts on inner walls of blood vessels |
| when ventricles contract | walls squeeze blood into chambers, force into pulm trunk&aorta |
| heart action | how much blood enters arterial system with each contraction |
| peripheral resistance | friction between blood and walls fo vessels |
| all veins drain into R atrium except | of pulm. circuit |
| central venous pressure | pressure in that affects peripheral veins |
| pulmonary path | carry blood from heart to lungs back to heart |
| systemic path | carry blood away from heart to body parts |
| pulmonary path | from L vent, to pulm trunk, to pulm artery to lungs |
| systemic path | from L vent, to aorta to circulation |
| collateral circulation | develope extra circulation due to exercising |
| heart block | failure of stimulation to ventricles following atrial contraction |
| ventricular fibrillation | uncoofdinated contraction of ventricles |
| blood type A | ant. A, can have A, O |
| blood type B | ant. B, can have B, O |
| blood type AB | ant.A&B, can have any type |
| blood type O | neither A or B, can have only O |
