| A | B |
|---|
| fjord | steep-sided valley that is an inlet of the sea |
| concordat | agreement between the pope and a ruler of a country |
| missionary | person who travels to carry the ideas of a religion to others |
| excommunicate | to declare that a person no longer belongs to a church |
| exclude | to keep out of a group |
| Clovis | King of the Franks who became Catholic to win the support of the Romans |
| Celts | people who were pushed aside when the Angles and Saxons invaded southeastern Britain |
| Scandinavia | where the Vikings came from |
| Henry IV | He was angered by the pope's decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking Church officials |
| Holy Roman Empire | Otto's territory, which included most of Germany and northern Italy, became known as this |
| Charlemagne | was crowned the new Roman emperor by the pope |
| Charles Martel | the most powerful mayor who wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles under his rule |
| Aachen | the capital of Charlemagne's empire |
| Gregory VII | he was elected pope in 1073 |
| Concordat of Worms | the deal deciding that only the pope could choose bishops and only the emperor could give them jobs in the government |
| Battle of Tours | stopped the Muslim advance into Europe and helped Christianity remain Europe's major religion |
| role of monasteries | educated people, provided food & rest for travelers, medical care, taught carpentry & weaving, developed better farming methods |
