| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | DEXOYRIBONUCLEICACID; CARRIES GENETIC INFORMATION |
| CHROMOSOMES | MADE UP OF LONG COILED STRANDS OF DNA; EACH HUMAN BODY CELL HAS 46, EACH HUMAN SEX CELL HAS 23 |
| CENTROMERE | HOLDS CHROMOSOMES TOGETHER IN THE MIDDLE LIKE A BELT |
| SISTER CHROMATIDS | 2 CHROMOSOMES HELD TOGETHER BY A CENTROMERE |
| HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES | CHROMOSOMES FROM EACH PARENT THAT ARE SIMILAR IN SIZE AND SHAPE |
| HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS | 2 PAIRS OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES |
| DIPLOID | A FULL SET OF CHROMOSOMES; IN HUMANS 46 IS DIPLOID NUMBER |
| HAPLOID | HALF SET OF CHROMOSOMES; IN HUMANS 23 IS OUR HAPLOID NUMBER |
| GAMETES | SEX CELLS; EGGS AND SPERM |
| FERTILIZATION | UNITING OF EGG AND SPERM |
| ZYGOTE | FERTILIZED EGG |
| KARYOTYPE | A DIAGRAM THAT SHOWS A CELL'S CHROMOSOMES ARRANGED IN ORDER FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST; SEX CHROMOSOMES ARE THE LAST PAIR |
| AUTOSOMES | CHROMOSOMES 1-22; ALL CHROMOSOMES EXCEPT THE SEX CHROMOSOMES |
| SEX CHROMOSOMES | CHROMOSOMES THAT DICTATE SEX OF AN INDIVIDUAL; XX IS FEMALE, XY IS MALE |
| GENETICS | STUDY OF HEREDITY |
| HEREDITY | PASSIING OF CHARACTERISTICS FROM PARENTS TO THE OFFSPRING |
| TRAITS | CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE INHERITED |
| GENE | SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CODES FOR A PARTICULAR TRAIT |
| ALLELE | SECTION OF A GENE THAT HELPS TO CODE FOR A PARTICULAR TRAIT; EACH GENE IS MADE UP OF AT LEAST 2 ALLELES |
| PROBABLITY | THE LIKELIHOOD THAT A CERTAIN PROPERTY WILL APPEAR; BASED ON THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE PROPERTY APPEARS VS. THE TOTAL TIMES THE PROPERTY IS TRIED. |
| DOMINANT ALLELE | ALLELE THAT WILL MASK THE TRAIT OF ANOTHER ALLELE |
| RECESSIVE ALLELE | ALLELE WHOSE TRAITS WILL BE MASKED BY A DOMINANT ALLELE |
| HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT | BOTH ALLELES IN A GENE ARE DOMINANT |
| HETEROZYGOUS | IN A GENE, ONE ALLELE IS DOMINANT AND ONE ALLELE IS RECESSIVE |
| HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE | BOTH ALLELES IN A GENE ARE RECESSIVE |
| GENOTYPE | THE GENES THAT YOU HAVE; REPRESENTED BY THE LETTERS WE USE |
| PHENOTYPE | AN INDIVIDUAL'S OBSERVABLE TRAITS; REPRESENTED BY THE TRAIT EXPRESSED |
| PUNNETT SQUARE | USED TO VISUALIZE CROSSES AND USED TO PREDICT OUTCOMES OF CROSSES |
| P1 GENERATION | PARENT GENERATION |
| F1 GENERATION | OFFSPRING OF THE PARENTS; FIRST FILIAL GENERATION |
| F2 GENERATION | OFFSPRING OF THE F1 GENERATION; SECOND FILIAL GENERATION |
| MONOHYBRID CROSS | CROSS INVOLVING A PAIR OF ALLELES FOR ONE TRAIT |
| DIHYBRID CROSS | CROSS INVOLVING TWO PAIRS OF ALLELES TWO TRAITS |
