| A | B |
|---|
| Social Darwinism | application of Darwin's ideas to society |
| Asante | kingdom of West Africa |
| Liberia | settled by free blacks from the U.S. |
| David Livingstone | explorer-missionary |
| Berlin Conference | redrew the map of Africa |
| Boer War | conflict over control of land containing gold and diamonds in South Africa |
| Nehanda | female warrior of the Shona tribe in Zimbabwe |
| Menelik II | modernized Ethiopia / kept out the Italians |
| Mahdi | Sudanese Islamic leader who led the resistance to the British |
| Young Turks | Group of liberal reformers in the Ottoman Empire |
| Armenians | victims of genocide perpetrated by the Ottomans |
| Muhammad Ali | reformed and modernized Egypt |
| Suez Canal | cut the cost of trade between Europe and Asia |
| Qajars | Shahs / rulers of Iran |
| East India Company | Trading company that controlled 3/5ths of India |
| Sepoy Rebellion | Indian soldiers objected to the new ammunition they were forced to use |
| Ram Mohun Roy | Indian scholar who wanted to blend modernization with traditional Indian culture |
| Indian National Congress | Its goal was to achieve independence for India |
| Muslim League | Feared dominance by the Hindu majority |
| Opium War | Britain refused to stop selling drugs to the Chinese |
| Treaty of Nanjing | First unequal treaty between China and the western powers |
| Taiping Rebellion | Peasant revolt against the Qing empire |
| CiXi | Dowager Empress opposed to reforms |
| Open Door Policy | US demand that all countries be allowed to trade with China |
| Boxer Uprising | Revolt aimed at getting rid of the "foreign devils" |
| Sun Yixian | First president of the Chinese republic 1911 |
