| A | B |
|---|
| ice wedging | process where water seeps into cracks or joints in rocks and freezes. When it freezes it expands putting pressure on the rock. |
| ice, plants & animals, gravity, running water, and wind | Agents of mechanical weathering |
| mechanical weathering | physically break rock down into smaller pieces but does not change its chemical composition |
| chemical weathering | breaks down rock by changing its chemical composition |
| hydrolysis, carbonation, oxidation, acid precipitation, plant acids | types of chemical weathering |
| rock composition, exposure, climate, topography | factors that effect the rate of weathering |
| humus | topsoil, usually darker in color, thin layer, known as Horizon A |
| parent rock | rock from which the soil was weathered from |
| transported soil | weathered mineral grains that are carried away from the location of the parent rock by water, wind, or glaciers |
| residual soil | rests on top of its parent rock |
| gravity, wind, glaciers, water | agents of erosion |
| contour plowing & strip-cropping | methods of soil conservation |
| rockfall | fall of rock from a steep cliff |
| landslide | sudden movement of loose rock and soil down a slope |
| mudflow | rapidly moving large mass of mud |
| slump | downhill movement of a large block of soil pulled down by gravity |
| peneplain | low, almost level surface of a mountain in its old stage |
| monadnocks | knob of rock that protrudes above a peneplain |
| mesas | elevated, flat-topped area smaller than a plateau |
| buttes | elevated, narrow, flat-topped area |
