| A | B |
|---|
| Martin Luther | credited with starting the Protestant Reformation |
| Reformation | denounced the authority of priests and popes |
| John Calvin | founded a Protestant sect which believed in predestination |
| Institutes of the Christian Religion | John Calvin's book that argued for original sin and predestination |
| the elect | the saved, according to John Calvin |
| conversion | in Calvinism, an intense, personal experience of the presence of God |
| Puritans | those dedicated to the purification of the Church of England from Catholic influences |
| Separatists | wanted to live and worship apart from those destined for hell |
| Pilgrims | group of Separatists who emigrated, first to Holland, later to Plymouth Colony |
| Mayflower Compact | agreement for a form of self govermnet in the Plymouth Colony |
| William Bradford | early leader of Plymouth Colony |
| Cod | fish that sustained many of the new colonists in the Plymouth region |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | founded by non-Separatist Puritans who fled persecution in England for their religious views |
| Great Migration | the movement of Puritans to Massachusetts and the West Indies |
| Congregational Church | Puritan congregations in Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| John Winthrop | early governor of Massachusetts Bay who distrusted democracy |
| freeman | member of the Congregational Church, an eligible voter in Massachusetts |
| John Cotton | influential preacher in Massachusetts Bay colony |
| separtation of church and state | Puritans used this idea to protect themselves from overzelous "political" clergymen |
| calling | doctrine that says that some are "called" to do God's work on Earth |
| Protestant Ethic | a serious commitment to work and engagement in worldly affairs |
| Quakers | defied the authority of the Puritan clergy |
| Anne Hutchinson | expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony to Rhode Island |
| Roger Williams | Baptist who founded Rhode Island |
| Rhode Island | allowed complete religious freedom, even for Jews |
| Thomas Hooker | founded Hartford and Connecticut |
| New Haven | founded by Puritans in 1638 later merged with other Connecticut Valley colonies |
| Maine | part of Massachusetts until 1820 |
| New Hampshire | separated from Massachusetts in 1679 |
| Hartford | Puritan colony founded in 1639 |
| Fundamental Orders | an early constitution of Connecticut colonies |
| royal colony | colony controlled by the English crown |
| Wampanoag | Native American tribe that initially befriended the settlers at Plymouth |
| Squanto | Wampanoag translator and friend to English settlers at Plymouth |
| Massasoit | Wmpanoag Chieftain |
| Pequot | Connecticut Valley tribe virtually wiped out in warfare against the English in 1637 |
| Metacom | called King Phillip formed a Native American confederacy and fought the English throughout New England |
| New England Confederation | early atttempt at colonial unity in New England |
| Charles I | lost the Civil War to Cromwell, was beheaded |
| James I | Va. and Plymouth founded during his reign, persecuted the Seperatists |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of Parliamentary Army during English Civil War |
| Charles II | Carolinas, Pa., N.Y., founded; Conn. chartered |
| William and Mary | came to power in the Glorious Revolution |
| Dominion of New England | unity imposed from London to promote efficiency in administering English law in the colonies and in defense |
| Navigation Acts | required the use of British ships for commerce and required colonies to ship certain goods to or through England |
| mercantilism | the policy of using the colonies to enrich the mother country |
| Edmund Andros | authoritarian leader of the Dominion of New England |
| Glorious Revolution | peaceful coup that dethroned the Catholic James II and replaced him with William of Orange |
| salutary neglect | period in which royal control of the colonies was relaxed and the Navigation Acts only weakly enforced |
| Dutch Republic | founded after Holland threw off Spanish rule |
| Dutch East India Company | controlled profitable trade in Asia and parts of modern Indonesia |
| Henry Hudson | explored the New York area Dutch East India Company |
| Dutch West India Company | active in trade and piracy in the Caribbean |
| New Netherland | Dutch colony in and around modern New York |
| patroonships | large estates in New Netherland |
| Wall Street | named for a wall built for defense against local Indians |
| New Sweden | founded on the Delaware River during the reign of Gustavus Adolphus |
| Dutch influence | Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, sauerkraut,bowling, skating, sleighing, golf |
| Quakers | religious dissenters who settled in large numbers in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and North Carolina |
| William Penn | Quaker founder of Pennsylvania |
| Philadelphia | City of brotherly love |
| pacifist | against violence and war |
| New Jersey | started as land grants by the Duke of York, later purchased by Quakers |
| Delaware | three lower counties, part of Pennsylvania until the Revolution |
