| A | B |
|---|
| cohort | group of people similar in age |
| case study | intensive study of one individual |
| grand theory | developmental theory aimed to apply to all individuals |
| classical conditioning | causing an organism to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful one |
| operant conditioning | causing an organism to associate a particular behavior with a particular consequence |
| allele | different versions of the same gene |
| observation | an unobtrusive method for testing a hypothesis |
| biosocial, cognitive, psychosocial | domains of human development |
| id, ego, superego | Freud's psychosexual stages |
| assimilation | changing a new idea to fit an old one |
| accommodation | changing an old idea to fit a new one |
| gene | basic unit of genetic instruction |
| zygote | two gametes fused together as one |
| phenotype | expressed traits |
| additive genes | phenotype reflects combination of genes |
| germinal period | first two weeks of pregnancy |
| period of the fetus | ninth week of pregnancy to birth |
| teratology | study of birth defects |
| interaction effect | when one poison intensifies the effects of another |
| sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational | Piaget's periods of cognitive development |
| reinforcement | consequence that increases a behavior |
| emergent theory | developmental theory arising from several minitheories |
| social learning | the belief that humans can learn new behaviors by observing the behavior of others |
| sociocultural theory | the belief that human development results from the interaction between a person and his surrounding culture |
| chromosome | molecule of DNA |
| heredity | specific genetic material inherited from an organism's parents |
| behavioral genetics | the study of the geneitc origins of psychological characteristics |
| period of the embryo | third week of pregnancy through the eighth week |
| behavioral teratogens | substances that harm the brain |
| age of viability | the age at which a fetus can survive outside its mother's uterus |
| minitheories | explain only a part of development or pertain to a particular group |
| experiment | method of testing a hypothesis that is designed to untangle cause from effect |
| surveys | a direct way of obtaining data |
| interpersonal variation | variation between people or groups of people |
| intrapersonal variation | variation within one person from day to day |
| parents, peers, teachers, church | microsystem |
| interactions among microsystems | mesosystem |
| community, education, employment | exosystem |
| selective adaptation | causes the frequency of some traits to increase over generations |
| ethology | study of patterns of animal behavior |
