| A | B |
|---|
| Accelerated aging | a type of testing in which products are used repeatedly in oreder to determine how well they may withstand normal use |
| alloy | a mixture of two or more metals |
| antifreeze | a solution used to prevent freezing |
| boiling point | 100 degrees celsuis |
| boycott | to refuse to buy certain products |
| characteristic | a feature or property of a living thing |
| chemical energy | the type of energy stored in foods and fuels |
| Class 1 lever | The fulcrum is in the middle |
| Class 2 lever | The load is in the middle |
| Class 3 lever | The effort is in the middle |
| concentrated | describes a solution contains relatively more dissolved solute compared with another solution |
| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| consumer | a buyer of products |
| consumer survey | a techinique of questioning consumers/buyers to help determine a quality of a product. |
| control | the variable that does not change in a scientific test |
| crude oil | another name for petroleum |
| crystal | a naturally occuring peice of solid with straight edges, flat sides and regular angles |
| crystallize | to form into a crystal |
| diffusion | the gradual mixing of a substance caused by the random movement of the particles |
| dilute | describes a solution containing less solute than another solution. |
| dissolving | the complete intermingling of the particles of two or more substances |
| distillate | the liquid formed and collected by the cooling of gas |
| distillation | the evaporation of a liquid followed by the condesation of its gaseous form |
| driven gear | the gear wheel to which the driving force is applied in a gear train |
| driving gear | the gear wheel that supplies the driving force in a gear train |
| efficiency | a measure of the amount of output energy from a machine compared with the input energy needed to run the machine |
| effort force | the amount of force that must be exerted in order to overcome the force of resistance on a load |
| elastic potential energy | the energy stored in a spring or other elastic device |
| eletrical energy | the energy of moving electrical parts |
| emulsifier | a substance that keeps one substance mixed with another substance |
| Energuide Number | a guide for consumers buying products that measures the amount of energy used |
| energy | the abilitly to do work |
| evaporation | the change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| fair test | a test in which all the variables remain the same/controlled. |
| field test | a test carried out under normal conditions of use, rater that a laboratory |
| filter | a device used to seperate the particles of a mechanical mixture |
| filtrate | the material that passes through a filter |
| filtration | the separation of the parts of a mixture by holding back larger peices |
| flocculator | a substance that can make pieces of a material stick togerther so that they can be separtated from another substance |
| force | any push or pull |
| force advantage | when a machines effort force is lower than the force of gravity on the load being moved |
| fossil fuel | any fuel obtained from material that was once living ie. coal |
| freezing | solidfication (change of state from a liquid to a solid) |
| fulcrum | the point that supports a liver upon which the lever piviot |
| gas | the state of matter that has no definate volume or shape |
| gear train | two or more gear wheels that mesh |
| gear wheel | a wheel with identical teeth around it's edge |
| gravitational energy | the energy of falling objects |
| heat | the energy transferred from a hotter substance to a cooler one |
| hydroelectricity | the energy that is genertated from falling or rapidly flowing water |
| hyrdrometer | a device used to estimate the consentration of a soltion |
| hypothesis | a model or idea that explains why something happens in the natural world |
| incandescent | the light given off due to an objects high tmeperature |
| inclined plane | ramp |
| inference | a possible explaination for the cause of an event, based on a set of observation |
| joule | the standard SI unit of the measurement of energy |
| kinetic energy | the energy present in a moving object |
| lever | all consist of a fulcrum, load and effort force |
| light energy | the form of that is visible to the eye (mostly from the sun) |
| liquid | the state of matter will no definte shape but a definite volume |
| load | the object moved or lifted by a simple machine |
| machine | a device that uses energy to preform useful work |
| magentism | a force that acts on objects in the invisible field around a magnet |
| manipulated variable | the condition that is controlled by the experimenter in an investigation |
| matter | anythein that has mass and occupies space |
| mechanical energy | the energy associated with mechanical systems |
| mechanical mixture | a mixture with two or more parts that can be seen with the unaided eye |
| melting | the change of state from a solid to a liquid |
| melting point | 0 degrees |
| mixture | a material made up of two or more substances |
| moucule | two or more atoms joined together to make the smallest particle of a pure substance |
| multiplying gear | a gear train that increases the rotational speed of a device |
| newton | the standard SI units fro the measurement of force |
| parallel gear | gears wheels which have the same number of identical teeth |
| petroproducts | substances produced using petroleum as the raw material |
| pinion | the smaller of two gear wheels in a gear train |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| pulley | a wheel with a groove along its edge to recieve a rope |
| pure substance | matter in which all particles are identical |
| random sampling | the technique of taking samples at random or non-selectivley |
| reducing gear | a gear train that decreases the speed of a device |
| reliable | describes a test that can be depended on for accurate results |
| repeatable | describes a test that has been done over and over again showing the same results |
| residue | the material that remains following filtration and distialltion |
| responding variable | the condition that changes in an investigation because of the manipulated variable |
| saturated | describes a solution with the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at that temperature |
| science | search for explainations |
| screw | a inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
| simple machine | a device that tranforms energy to preform a useful function |
| solar energy | energy from the sun |
| solid | the state of matter with a definite shape and volume |
| solidification | the change of state from a liquid to a solid |
| solubility | the amounnt of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solven at a certain temperature |
| soluble | able to dissolve |
| solute | the substance in a solution that is present in the lesser quantity |
| solution | a mixture of two or more substances that looks as though it were one substance |
| solvent | the substance in a solution that is present in greater quantity |
| sound energy | the form of energy that permits us to hear |
| speed advantage | a speed increase provided by a machine |
| spot testing | the random selection of products for testing |
| sprocket | the gear wheel turned by a looped chain as on the bike |
| states of matter | forms in which matter can be found: solid, liquid and gas |
| sublimation | the change of state from either a gas to a solid or a solid to a gas |
| subsystem | one of the working parts that make up a complex machine |
| suspension | a cloudy mechanical mixture in which small solid pieces or droplets are scattered throughout another substance |
| system | a complex maching made up of simpler working parts |
| test | a comparison of one product against those of another product or against standards |
| theory | when a hypothesis is supported over and over again by experimental results t becomes acceptated as a theory |
| thermal energy | the total energy of all the particles in a substance |
| trouble spot | the feature of a product that is most likly to fain or wear out first |
| variable | any changeable factor that may influence the outcome of a scientific test |
| wedge | a ramp usually used to dig into something |
| wheel and axle | a large wheel and a smaller wheel mounted on a common axis so that the wheels rotate together |
| work | the result of a force being exerted on an object and the object moving in a general direction. |
