| A | B |
|---|
| Agrarian | People or socities that are farmers therefore promote agricultural interest |
| Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit |
| Agricultural Industrialization | The use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors and combines |
| Agriculture | The purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber |
| Animal and plant domestication | Genetic modification of livestock or crops such that they are rendered more under human control or success depends on human intervention |
| Aquaculture | The cultivation of aquatic organisms, especially for food |
| Biorevolution | Genetic engineering of plants and animals with the potential to greatly exceed the productivity improvements of the Green Revolution |
| Biotechnology | The application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value |
| Collective farm | Regards a system of agricultural organization where as farms laborers are not compensated via wages. rather, the workers receive a share of the farm's net productivity |
| Intensive Commercial Agriculture | Expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase it productivity and create a surplus |
| Extensive Commercial Agriculture | Use of little labor and capital to increase agricultural productivity |
| Crop rotation | The practice of rotating the use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil |
| Cultivation regions | An area suited by climate and soil conditions to the growing of a certain type of crop or plant group |
| Dairying | Branch of agriculture that encompasses the breeding, raising, and utilization of primarily cows, for the production of milk |
| Debt-for-nature swap | Financial transactions in which a portion of a developing nation's foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in conservation measures |
| Desertification | The transformation of agricultural lands into deserts because of overgrazing and soil erosion |
| Economic activity | Involves the use of scarce resources in the provision of goods to satisfy unlimited wants. |
| Environmental modification | Through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes, the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space |
| Extensive Subsistence Agriculture | Self-sufficiency farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their families |
| Intensive Subsistence Agriculture | A form of agriculture heavily depends on heavy inputs of fertilizer and human labor on a small piece of land for substantial crop yield |
| Extractive industry | Industry that involves mining, such as to obtain copper or other valuable minerals |
| Farm crisis | Times of agricultural recession, low crop prices and low farm incomes that can lead to farm bankruptcy |
| Feedlot | Type of animal feeding operation (AFO) which is used in factory farming for finishing livestock, notably beef cattle |
| 1st Agricultural Revolution/Neolithic Agricultural Revolution | The domestication of plants and animals and the resulting start of a sedentary society |
| 2nd Agricultural Revolution | Took place which increased efficiency of production as well as distribution which allowed more people to move to the cities as the industrial revolution got under way |
| 3rd Agricultural Revolution | For the first time farmers using substantial inputs purchased off their farms, in the form of fertilizers for their land and artificial feedstuffs for their animals |
| Food chain | Representations of the predator-prey relationships between species within an ecosystem or habitat |
| Forestry | The art and science of managing forests, tree plantations, and related natural resources |
| Globalized agriculture | Small farms will be replaced by large farms, which in turn will be controlled by giant multinational corporations |
| Green Revolution | The development and transfer from the developed world to the developing world, of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through new and improved technology, pesticides, and fertilizers, for the purpose of alleviating world |
| Growing season | The period of each year when native plants and ornamental plants grow |
| Hunting and gathering | The subsistence method based on edible plants and animals from the wild |
| Intertillage | Turning up land between rows of crop plants |
| Livestock ranching | An area of landscape, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of raising and grazing livestock |
| Market gardening | The growing of vegetables or flowers for market |
| Mediterranean agriculture | A form of specialized agriculture in which crops grown in a Mediterranean climate of warm year-round temperatures and sunny summers (grapes, olives, figs, citrus fruits, etc.) are grown |
| Mineral fuels | A carbonaceous fuel mined or stripped from the earth, such as petroleum, coal, peat, shale oil |
| Mining | The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body |
| Planned economy | An economic system in which the state directs the economy |
| Plantation agri. | Monocropping, or planting a single crop for profit, is a specialized form of agriculture and is usually located near the former colonial markets |
| Nonrenewable | Resources that can not be regenerated |
| Renewable | Resources that can regenerate as they are exploited |
| Rural settlement | That which relates to the country, as rural servitudes |
| Sauer, Carl O. | Wrote the article "Recent Developments in Cultural Geography," which considered how cultural landscapes are made up of "the forms superimposed on the physical landscape |
| Specialization | The separation of tasks within a system |
| Staple grains | Type of edible grain, usually wheat or corn, on which a group of people are dependent |
| Suitcase farm | Commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews |
| Survey patterns | Survey of major patterns of physical features, culture, and human-land relations |
| Sustainable yield | Natural capital in a ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself |
| “Tragedy of the commons” | A dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's interest for this to happen |
| Transhumance | The constant movement of herds in a set seasonal pattern of grazing |
| Truck farm | Commercial gardening and fruit farming in the United States |
| Von Thünen, Johann Heinrich | Developed a model of agricultural land use that illustrates the relationship between the cost of land and transportation costs involved in getting a product to market |
