| A | B |
|---|
| meiosis | 1) chromosome # won't keep doubling for every generation 2) there will be some genetic variation |
| synapsis | lining up of the homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 |
| crossing over | chromosomes wrap around each other and exchange genes ( won't be identical) |
| double helix | structure of DNA molecule; Rosaland Franklin (Watson and Crick) |
| DNA helicase | splits the DNA molecule |
| DNA ploymerase | matched new letters with their pairs; finds and corrects many of the mistakes |
| 1 in 1000 DNA matches make mistakes | - |
| DNA Ligase | "seals the wound" |
| error = _______ | evolution |
| DNA nucleotide | phosphate- deoxyribose- base(A,T,G,C); Phosphate- ribose- base(A,U,G,C) |
| transcription | creation of RNA from DNA |
| 3 RNA's | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
| mRNA | messenger (codes for proteins) |
| tRNA | transfer (helps assemble proteins (ribosomes)) |
| rRNA | ribosomal (codes for ribosomes) |
| DNA | deoxyribose; 2 strands |
| RNA | ribose; 1 strand |
| translation | reading the mRNA by tRNA to assemble the proteins |
| code is considered unambiguous | code is considered universal |
| more than one codon can stand for an amino acid | - |
| codon | set of 3 nitrogen bases representing a specific amino acid |
| smallest is a _______ | base |
| 3 bases = | codon or anticodon |
| a bunch of codons= | gene |
| bunch of amino acids= | protein |
| a bunch of genes = | DNA or chromosome |
| chromosomal mutation | deletion, insertion, inversion, translocation, non-disjunction |
| deletion | one gene has been deleted |
| insertion | genes have been added |
| inversion | genes have been switched |
| translocation | a piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome |
| non-disjunction | down syndrom (trisomy 21) |
| point mutation | when one base is substituted for another (sickle cell) |
| frameshift mutation | an addition ot removal of a base |
| during frameshift mutation.... | an additional base or a removed base it changes the order of the codons |
