| A | B |
|---|
| Watson and Crick | developed model of DNA |
| double helix | describes structure of DNA |
| purine bases | adenine and guanine |
| pyrimidine bases | cytosine and thymine |
| deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA; bases attach here |
| replication | process of copying DNA molecule; occurs in the nucleus |
| nucleotide | three part unit (sugar, phosphate and a base) |
| DNA | consists of two chains of nucleotides |
| adenine | joins with thymine |
| sides of DNA ladder/helix | made of phosphates and sugar deoxyribose |
| "rungs"/steps of DNA ladder | made of base pairs (A-T; C-G) |
| DNA code is | present in sequence of nitrogen bases |
| RNA | single strand nucleic acid |
| ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| uracil | base found only in RNA |
| transcription | the making of mRNA from DNA; occurs in the cytoplasm |
| mRNA | carries DNA code from nucleus to ribosome |
| codon | sequence of 3 bases on mRNA |
| mRNA codon is AUG | tRNA anticodon is UAC |
| DNA code is CGT | mRNA codon is GCA |
| 3 bases of DNA code for | an amino acid |
| translation | process of converting RNA code into an amino acid |
| tRNA | picks up amino acids and brings them to the ribosome |
| ribosomes | centers for protein synthesis |
| protein synthesis | process of making proteins from amino acids |
| amino acids | building units of proteins |
| mutagens | change chemical makeup of DNA (X-rays, UV light, radioactive substances) |
| cytoplasm | where translation and protein synthesis occur |
