| A | B |
|---|
| scientific method must be | observed, can do experiments on it, predictable results , able to predict |
| characteristics of a good hypothesis | must be testable, cannot find it to be true |
| isotope | same number of protons & different number of neutrons |
| isomer | same chemical formula different structure |
| ion | number of protons are not equal to the electrons |
| acid on the Ph scale | 0-6 |
| neutral on the ph scale | 7 |
| base on the ph scale | 8-14 |
| acids have | hydrogen |
| bases have | hydroxyls |
| ionic bond | electron donor |
| covalent bond | sharing electrons |
| non polar bond | equal sharing |
| polar bond | unequal sharing |
| hydrophobic | water fearing |
| hydrophillic | water loving |
| non polar | does not dissolve in water |
| polar | dissolves in water |
| monosacharrides are | monomers & simple sugars |
| polysacharrides are | complex sugars |
| stach is a polysacharride and is used in | plants |
| glycogen | temporary energy storage |
| cellulose | is used in plants |
| chitin | humans cannot digest |
| fats are | lipids |
| triglycerides are | lipds |
| triglycerides are found in | blood |
| the phospholipid bi layer makes up | cell membrane |
| carotenoids are found in | carrots- plant pigment |
| wax is | hydrophobic |
| a cuticle in plants is a | protective covering |
| amino acids are | proteins |
| an amino acid is a | monomer |
| amino acids are the | building blocks of life |
| denaturation | temporary loss in bonding system due to decreases temperature |
| cholesterol is a type of | lipid |
| first primary structure of a protein | amino acids |
| 2nd degree structure of a protein | alpha helix and pleated beta sheet |
| 3rd teriary structure of a protein | 3D structure of a protein |
| 4th quatrinary structure of a protein | consists of more than one poly peptide - 2 or more chains |
| coagulation or denaturation | permanent loss of structure due to increased temp. |
| enzymes are mostly | proteins |
| enzymes | speeds up chemical reactions |
| DNA has deoxyribose RNA has | ribose |
| DNA & RNA are made of different monomers called | nucleotides |
| an ester bond is between | sugar and phosphate |
| exergonic | releases energy |
| catabolic | breaks bonds |
| endergonic | energy stored |
| anabolic | forms bonds |
| singer fluid mosiac the founder was | Singer |
| the singer fluid mosiac is fluid because | proteins can move |
| the singer fluid mosiac is a mosiac because | proteins are scattered and look like a mosiac |
| prokaryote | no nucleus and no nuclear membrane |
| eukaryote has a | true nucleus & nuclear membrane |
| 3 critical types of nucleic acids | DNA, RNA, ATP |
| functions of ribosomes | read mrna, protein factories, site of PTN synthesis |
| golgi | processing plant, receives vesicles from ER |
| prokaryotes have | ribosomes & a cell wall |
| lysosomes are made by | golgi |
| lysosomes are | demolition sites |
| peroxisomes | disarm free radicals |
| free radicals | electron difficient atom, highly energized |
| mitochondria | the power plant makes ATP & has it's own DNA |
| what happens in rough ER | protein synthesis |
| what happens in smooth ER | detox of drugs |
| chloroplats are green and contain | chlorphyll |
| codon | 3 nucleotides on mRNA |
| anti codon | 3 nucleotides on tRNA |
| vacuoles purpose | storage |
| stroma | connective tissue in plants |
| thylakoid looks like a | pancake |
| grana is a stack | of thylakoids- pancake stack |
| plant cells have | cell walls |
| transcription going from | DNA to RNA |
| translation | occurs in the cell's cytoplasm, where the large and small subunits of the ribosome are located, and bind to the mRNA |
| name the 2 light reactions | cyclic & non cyclic |
| light reaction products | ATP & NADPH |
| dark reaction AKA | Calvin cycle |
| dark reaction takes place in the | stroma |
| products of the dark reaction | glucose/ sugar |
| oxidation | loss of electrons |
| reduction | gain of electrons |
| substrate phosphorylation | breaks down sugar |
| oxidative phosphorylation | is the ETS |
| photosynthesis converting solar energy to | glucose chemical bond energy |
| cyclic only makes | ATP |
| purpose of calvin cycle is to | convert CO2 to glucose |
| what happens in prophase 1 | crossing over |
| what happens in metaphase 1 | random alignment |
| in mitosis and meosis I cells are | diploid |
| in meosis II cells are | haploid |
| gametes are produced in | ovaries and testes |
| gametes are | haploid |
