| A | B |
|---|
| a physical blend of two or more substances | mixture |
| a new substance formed in a chemical reaction | product |
| part of a system having uniform composition and properties | phase |
| starting substance in a chemical reaction | reactant |
| not uniform in composition | heterogeneous mixture |
| gas the is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature | vapor |
| a process in which a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed again into a liquid | distillation |
| amount of matter in a substance | mass |
| process in which substances are changed into different substances | chemical reaction |
| composed of two or more substances chemically bound together | compound |
| substance that cannot be changed into a simpler substance under normal laboratory conditions | element |
| of completely uniform composition | homogeneous mixture |
| gas | a vapor is which state of matter |
| state of matter having indefinite shape, but definite volume | liquid |
| this is not a physical property of matter | explosiveness |
| this is not a physical change | the spoiling of cheese |
| true statement about homogeneous mixtures | known as solutions |
| condition of a substance that can be oberved or measured without changing the substances composition | physical property |
| color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, melting point, and boiling point | physical properties include these |
| matter that has uniform or definite composition | substance |
| anything that has mass and takes up space | matter |
| the three characteristics of matter | gases - far apart, liquids- in contact, solids- tightly packed |
| properties can be oberved when a substance undergoes a change in composition (just happens) | chemical property |
| alters a given material whithout changing it's composition (we do it) | physical change |
| the law of conservation of mass | in any physical or chemical reaction, mass is niether created nor destroyed |
| a mixture that always has uniform composition | solution |
| closeness to true value | accuracy |
| marrowness of range of measurements | precision |
| descriptive and nonnumeric, (a educated guess) | qualitive |
| definite (100% correct) | quantitive |
| known or estimated in a measurment | significant figure |
| 0, and 100 degrees | absolute zero freezes and boils at |
| the SI scale for temperature | kelvin temperature scale |
| the non-si scale for temperature | celsius temperature scale |
| the force of gravity on an object | weight |
| quantity of matter an object contains | mass |
| 0.1 | on the metric system of the prefix deci |
| mass divided by density | finding the volume |
| density times volume | to find mass |
| correct value based on reliable references | accepted value |
| the value measured in the lab | experimental value |
| significant | nonzero digit |
| significant | zeross appaearing between non-zero digits |
| not significant | Leftmost zeros appearing in front of nonzero digits |
| significant | zeros at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal point |
| infinite significant figures | exact quantities, and whole numbers |
| i million times smaller than the unit procedes | micro |
| 1000 million times smaller than it procedes | nano |
| 1 trillion times smaller than it procedes | pico |
| mass over volume | finding the density |
| 273 K and 373 K | Kelvin scale freezes and boils at |
| value established as fact | constant |
| unit of measurment | dimension |
| technique of obtaining correct unit for answer | dimensional analysis |
| a scale for measurment | unit |
| ratio of equivalant measurments | conversion factor |
| unknown or changing value | variable |
| Mega | the symbol M |
| a subatomic artical with no charge | neutron |
| the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons | nucleus |
| the smallest partical of an element that retains the property of that element | atom |
| the negately charged sub-atomic partical | electron |
| a positively charged subatomic partical | proton |
| 1/12th the mass of a carbon atom having six protons and six neutrons | atomic mass unit |
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an element | atomic number |
| the weighted average of the masses of the tsotopes of an element | atomic mass |
| atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | isotope |
| the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | mass number |
| All elements are composd of atoms | #1 of Dalton's theory |
| Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element | #2 of Dalton's theory |
| atoms combine to do so in simple whole-number ratios | #3 of Dalton's theory |
| atoms of the same element are alike in mass and size | #4 of Dalton's theory |
| preformed experiments that involved passing electric current through gases at low pressure. the beam, or cathrode ray formed in the electrodes | Thomson's experiment |
| used tow values to calculate an accurate value for the mass of teh electron | Millikan |
| aimed a beam of alpha particals at a sheet of gold foil surrounded by a fluorescent screen, proposed atom is empty space | Rutherford |
| mass number - atomic number | to find neutrons |
| when anode rays were identified in an anode ray tube | how electrons were discovered |
| protons and neutrons in the nucleus | how electrons were discovered |
| vertical column of elements in the periodic table | group or family |
| in any chemical compound the elements are always proportions combined in the same proportion by mass | law of definite proportions |
| shows the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound | formula unit |
| shows the number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule | molecular formula |
| shows the kinds of numbers of atoms in the smallest proportions representative a unit of the substance | chemical formula |
| when two elements form more than one compound | law of multiple proportions |
| compound composed of three different elements | ternary compound |
| atom or group of atoms having a positive charge | cation |
| smallest unit of a substance having properties of the substance | molecule |
| any atom or group of atoms having a negativ charge | anion |
| compound composed of two different elements | binary compound |
| a compound of cations and anions | ionic compound |
| tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a net charge | polyatomic ion |
| what forms when atoms gain or lose electrons | Ions |
| true about molecular compounds | they have low melting points |
| mass of a mole of an ionic compound | gram formula mass |
| the number of grams of an element that is equal to the atomic mass of an element | gram atomic mass |
| the volume occupied by a mole of any gas at STP | molar volume |
| the mass of a mole of a molecular compound | gram molecular mass |
| the mass of a mole of any element or compound | molar mass |
| the SI unit to measure amount of a substance | mole |
| the number of representative particals of a substance and pressure present in 1 mole of that substance | Avogadro's number |
| at atom, an ion, or a molecule, depending upon the way a substance commonly exists | representative partical |
| the percent by mass of each element in a compound | percent composition |
| a concise representation of a chemical reaction | chemical equation |
| an equation in which each side has the same number of atoms of each element | balanced equation |
| a chemical reaction that does not indicate relative amounts of products and reactants | skeleton equation |
| a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity | activity series of metals |
| a reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element | single-replacement reation |
| reaction in which oxygen reacts with another substance, often producing head or light | combustion reaction |
| a reaction in which a single compound is broken down into simpler substances | decomposition reaction |
| the amount of product formed when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory | actual yield |
| the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield | percent yield |
| the calculated amount product formed during a reaction | theoretical yield |
| quantity of a reactant that is more than enough to react with a limiting reagent | excess reagent |
| the reactant that determines the amount of product than can be formed in a reaction | limiting reagent |
