| A | B |
|---|
| Constitution | List of rules or principles that establishes the way a country is governed |
| Diet | Form of legislature; an assembly |
| Martial Law | When the military takes over in a time of crisis or emergency |
| Fascism | Government led by one person that promotes strict obedience and everyone surrenders personal freedoms for benefit of state- promotes violence |
| Fasces | Symbol of authoritarianism- all aspects of life in rods bundled together that are stronger- symbolizes unity and strength |
| Authoritarianism | Favors strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom |
| Totalitarianism | Government established over entire country that has absolute control over everyday lives of people |
| Ultranationalism | Extreme nationalism that promotes the interest of one state |
| Corporate State | Created by Mussolini Representatives of government, agriculture, and industry come together to create best country in the world and get economics under fascist control |
| Il Duce | Leader |
| Dictator | One person with absolute power who takes it by force |
| Treaty | Agreement between countries with rules people agree to follow |
| City-State | City that is independent and acts as its own country |
| Republic | Government in which people choose representatives to make decisions for them |
| Chancellor | Official appointed by president to run everyday operations of a country |
| Scapegoat | Someone who is unfairly blamed |
| Who was considered Germany's scapegoat | The Jews |
| Putsch | Sudden and violent attempt to overthrow government |
| Anti-Semitism | Prejudice towards Jews practiced by Hitler |
| Reich | Empire |
| Third Reich | Empire that Hitler predicted would last 1,000 years- lasted 12 because of Germany’s loss |
| Meiji Restoration | Late 1800s when Japan returned to being ruled by an emperor |
| Meiji Constitution | Modeled government after German government Created Diet Mandatory education |
| Examples of Modernization in Japan | Students learn western ways and return to Japan Japan brings ideas for industrialization from Europe Builds factories Create railroad system- transportation of goods Ship building- important for trade and creating a navy- modeled navy after Great Britain Idea for post offices- United States Art- Italy |
| Sino-Japanese War | War between China and Japan for Korea Significance: Japan defeats larger country with bigger population |
| Russo-Japanese War | 1904-1905 Between Russia and Japan over Korea Everyone starts paying attention to Japan because they easily defeat Russians |
| What are the 3 important wars for modernization? | Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War World War I |
| Gentlemen’s Agreement | (1907) Agreement between US and Japan to limit Japan’s immigration to US then totally exclude immigrants- Japanese says US racist- US doesn’t like immigration because it keeps wages low and adds competition |
| Great Depression | Started by collapse of US stock market- tariffs on trade internationally rise and trade stops- promotes imperialism in Japan |
| The Manchurian Incident | (1931) Japanese are located in Manchuria and take advantage of resources in area Japanese blow up their own railroad to blame on Chinese Invade Manchuria to take it over League of Nations blame Japan and tell them to leave Manchuria so Japan quits League of Nations (League of Nations fail) First act of aggression |
| Imperial Rule Assisting Association (IRRA) | Creates military dictatorship in Japan |
| Fascism vs. Communism | Both establish totalitarianism Fascism focuses on nationalism and what goes on in the country Communism is international and spreads into other areas Fascism- there is privately owned business- owners profit Communism- no private ownership- everything owned by government so no profit |
| 2 Main Reasons for Mussolini Coming to Power in Italy | Dissatisfaction with treaty ending WWI because they felt cheated He made promises to return Italy to its most powerful time in history in ancient Rome |
| Lateran Treaty | Agreement between Mussolini and Pope for Mussolini to create Vatican City for Pope to rule- Pope agrees to stay out of Mussolini’s affairs |
| 3 Reasons Why Weimar Republic Failed | Cost of War Demand for reparations Parts of Germany occupied by the French |
| Dawes Plan | Proposed by U.S. to reorganize German economy Gained British and French approval to decrease German reparation payments France withdrew forces from Ruhr Valley and American loan helped German economy prosper Great Depression hits |
| Munich Putsch | Also known as beer hall putsch- happened in a beer hall Attempted to kidnap government officials and overthrow government Fails and Hitler is arrested and spends 9 months in prison |
| Mein Kampf | Hitler wrote about plans to create master race, his hatred for Jews, and his goal of world domination |
| 2 Main Reasons Hitler Comes to Power | Dissatisfaction with treaty of Versailles Severe economic problems |
| Why No Opposition Towards Hitler? | Nazis got people elected to the German Legislature and they had a majority of the seats |
| What Happens When Hindenburg dies? | After appointing Hitler chancellor, Hindenburg dies and Hitler seizes control of Germany and makes himself dictator (1933) |
| What Does Nazi Stand for? | Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party |
| Shoguns | Military dictators that ruled Japan |
| Emperor Meiji | 15 years old Brought Japan back to being ruled by an emperor Created Meiji Constitution |
| General Togo Hideki | First military dictator of Japan Organized attack on Pearl Harbor- charged with war crimes and executed |
| Black Shirts | Mussolini’s militia in Italy that promotes violence to eliminate those who don’t fit in- promote Ultranationalism |
| Mussolini | Authoritarian of Italy Citizens obey Assumed title of Il Duce- made himself dictator Creates Corporate State Promotes Ultranationalism |
| Adolf Hitler | Born in Austria German Soldier in WWI Blamed Jews and Communists for Germany’s loss Anti-Semitic Chairman of Nazi party Organized Munich Putsch Wrote Mein Kampf while in prison for 9 months |
| Brown Shirts (Storm Troopers) | Used by Hitler to come to power- went into beer hall- start violence in Germany to terrorize Jews |
| Hyperinflation | Extremely high prices |
| Reparations | payment for war damage, or damage caused by imprisonment |
| Pacifism | opposition to all war |
| Modernazation | The betterment and improvement of a nation or technology |
| Nationalism | A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country |
| Ultra-nationalism | Extreme nationalism |
| imperialism | domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region |
| disarrmament | reduction of armed forces and weapons |
| strike | the stoppage of work |
| turning point | a significant event that changes the course or outcome of something |
| The big 3 | franklin roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill. |
| Potsdam Confrence | The big 3 gathered to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Germany. The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects of war. |
| Purification | Making something clean or pure. To get rid of the bad |
| National Socialist German Workers party | Long name for the Nazi Party |
| Invasion of Poland | immediate cause of wwI |
| Pearl Harbour | Caused entry of US into WWI |
| Reason for attack on pearl harbour | US had embargoed oil on japan, effected their industry and military |
