| A | B |
|---|
| Cold War | Period of international tension btw. USA &USSR. Conflict short of full scale war |
| Yalta Conference | Feb 4-11,1945. Cited as start of Cold War |
| Big Three | Stalin, Churchill,FDR-met to discuss German terms of surrender & post war occupation of Germany |
| Potsdam July 1945 | Pres. Truman demanded free elections in Eastern Europe- Stalin wants buffer of Communist states in Eastern Europe |
| Iron Curtain | nickname used to refer to communist nations of Europe |
| Super Powers | USA & USSR leading nations in the world after WWII |
| United Nations (UN) | internationalorganization to settle world problems & avoid armed conflicts |
| San Francisco | 1st meeting held New York city -PERMENANT HEADQUARTERS |
| General Assembly | All member nations attend meetings |
| Security Council | Charged with responsibility keeping world peace |
| 5 Permenant members of Security Council | USA,USSR BRITAIN,CHINA & FRANCE |
| Truman Doctrine | USA would provide military & economic aid to countries threatened by Communism |
| Greece 1946 | USA sent aid Greek gov. |
| Marshall Plan | US economic recovery for war-torn Europe $13 billion US loans |
| George Marshall | US sec. of State |
| Council for Mutual Assistance COMECON | Soviet plan to aid in rebuilding Soviet bloc nations |
| KGB | Soviet Secret Police |
| George Kennan | "Father of Containment" |
| Policy of Containment | U.S. policy of keeping communism within its existing boundaries & prevent further Soviet aggression |
| East Berlin | Soviet Controlled |
| West Berlin | Allied Controlled |
| Berlin Blockader | Soviets block entrances to Berlin. cut off Allied supplies to West Berlin |
| Berlin Airlift | U.S. British airplanes fly supplies into West Berlin |
| Federal republic of Germany | West Germany-democratic state |
| German Democratic Republic | East Germany- Communist Control |
| North Alantic Treaty Organization NATO | military alliance providing mutual help if attacked USA, Britain, France, Canada, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Norway |
| Warsaw Pact | Military alliance of Communist Block nations USSR, East Germany, Albania, Czech,Poland,Hungary, & Romania |
| arms Race | USA & USSR compete in building nuclear weapons (USSR exploded 1st atomic bomb 1949) |
| Hydrogen Bomb | more destructive 1st Atomic Weapon |
| Intercontinental Ballistic Missle ICBM | long range nuclear missles |
| Mutual Deterrence | ablitity of USA& USSR to destroy each other acted as method to avoid war |
| Massive Retaliation | Pres. Eisenhower any Soviet advance in Europe met with full use of U.S. nuclear weapons |
| Space Race | develops due to Arms Race USA & USSR |
| Sputnik | 1st satellite to orbit earth radio signals back to earth |
| Yuri Gargarin | Russian Cosmonaut- 1st man to travel in space |
| Vostok 1 | Spaceship to orbit 1hr and 48min. |
| Korean War | UN forces in to stop Communist aggression and expansion |
| U-2 incident | U-2 american spy plane shot down by USSR |
| Gary Powers | American U-2 piolet |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Soviet leader after Stalin's death |
| de-stalination | removal of harsh policies of Stalin gov. |
| Hungarian Revolution | anti-Soviet demonstrations in Hungary Khrushchev crushed revolt Soviet tanks rolled through Budapest |
| Cuban Revolution | Fulgencio Bastista Cuban Dictator over thrown by Fidel Castro's communist forces seize control of Cuba (Soviet supported gov. set up in Cuba). |
| Bay of Pigs Incident | Cuban exiles would invade Cuba & lead revolt against Castro...Pres. Kennedy gave orders for Bay of Pigs invasion-invasion failed |
| Berlin Wall | built to keep East Germans from fleeing to West Germany |
| Cuban Missle Crisis | USSR placed nuclear missles in Cuba. Ships carrying missles headed for Cuba- Pres. Kennedy orders USA blockaded Cuban ports. USA &USSR brink of Nuclear War. |
| Vietnam War | 1964-1975 Viet nam divided into 2 states |
| North Vietnam | Communist |
| South Vietnam | Democratic |
| Domino Theory | S.Vietnam falls to Communism other nations of Far East Asia other nations would fall like Dominos |
| Vietnamization | Pres. Nixon agreement with N.Vietnam- USA withdraws forces "Peace with Honor" |
| Detente | Frenc for Relaxation- improvemnt US-Soviet Relations |
| Leonid Breshnev | replaced Khrushchev as Soviet Leader |
| Strategic Arms Limitation agreement Treat SALT | limit number of nuclear weapons of each nation |
| Glasnost (Openess) | freedom of expression for Soviet citizens eased harsh treatment of opponents of Soviet system |
| Perestrokia (restructuring) | gradual changing of Soviet economy allowing private enterprise dismantling of national bureaucracy |
| Military cutbacks | withdrew missles from Eastern Europe & withdrew Soviet troops Afghanistan |
| Fall of the Berlin Wall | East Germany opened to the West |
| Cold War Officially ends | Gorbachev & Pres. George Bush met declaring end to Cold War |
| Boris Yelstin | President of Russian Republic |
