| A | B |
|---|
| Thomas Malthus | Wrote the Essay on the Principle of Population. Said poverty was unavoidable because population was increasing faster than food supply. Eventually proved false. |
| David Ricardo | opposed government help for poor. Wrote Iron Law of Wages,. Said wage increases were futile, because when wages were high, families often had more children instead of raising the family’s current standard of living. |
| Jeremy Bentham | Advocate of utilitarianism. All laws or actions should be judged by their utility. Did they provide more happiness than pain? |
| Karl Marx | German philosopher. Wrote the communist manifesto. Started communism. Thought that economics was the driving force in history. A society of have’s and have not’s. Modern class struggle was between bourgeoisie and proletariat. Thought proletariat would win. |
| Benjamin Disraeli | Formed the modern conservative party from the English Tories |
| William Gladstone | Leader of the Whigs, which evolved into the Liberal party. |
| Queen Victoria | Had very little political power. Came to embody values of her age: duty, thrift, honesty, hard work, and respectability. Under her reign middle class had confidence |
| Napoleon III | French almost dictator. Promoted investment in industry and large scale building ventures. Set up 2nd empire. Appeal cut across lines of class and ideology. |
| Alfred Dreyfus | Army officer accused of spying on Germany. Anti-Semitism feelings toward him meant he had an unfair trial. |
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand | Prince of Austria Hungary. Assasinated by the Black Hand terrorist group while visiting Bosnia. His death was the immediate cause of WWI. |
| Francis Joseph | Austrian Emperor. Sent ultimatum to Serbia to end anti-austrian agitation and punish Serbian officials involved in the investigation |
| r William II | German Emperor. Wrote to Francis Joseph urging him to take a strong stance. Gave Austria a "blank check" |
| Nicholas II | Russian Tsar. On behalf of Serbia wrote William II and asked him to lower his demands. |
| Woodrow Wilson | US President. Asked Congress to Declare war on Germany in 1917. Urged for peace without victory at Paris Peace Conference |
| V.I. Lenin | Adopted Maraxist ideas. Called for an elite group to lead revolution and set up a dictatorship proletariat. Was exiled then returned to Russia and became the ruler. |
| Leon Trotsky | Helped lead revolutionary fight. Marxist revolutionary. |
| Joseph Stalin | Leader after Lenin. Beat out Trotsky. Wanted to concentrate on building socialism at home 1st. Used ruthless measures to win dictatorial power. |
| Benito Mussolini | Authoritarian of Italy Citizens obey Assumed title of Il Duce- made himself dictator Creates Corporate State Promotes Ultranationalism |
| Adolph Hitler | Born in Austria German Soldier in WWI Blamed Jews and Communists for Germany’s loss Anti-Semitic Chairman of Nazi party Organized Munich Putsch Wrote Mein Kampf while in prison for 9 months |
| Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister. After Munich Conference told people he had achieved “peace for our time” |
| Winston Churchill | British Politician. Always be worried about Nazi Threat. Accused diplomats of Munich Conference of choosing dishonor |
| Erwin Rommel | successfully pushed British back across Egyptian desert. |
| Dwight Eisenhower | American General and later President. Took command of joint US and British forces in Morocco and Algeria. Defeated Rommel. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | US President. One of the big 3. Served 3 terms. Proposed good neighbor policy. |
| Emperor Hirohito | Ruled for 63 years. Head during the time of modernization and expansion. Emperor during WWII |
| Tojo Hideki | Japan extreme Militarist. Hoped to expand Japans empire. Thought US was interfering with plans since they stopped selling war materials to Japan. Ordered attack on US. |
| Bernard Montgomery | British general in North Africa. Fought Rommel |
| Douglas MacArthur | General who led Island hopping campaign. |
| Harry Truman | US president. Approved the use of the Atomic Bomb to end the war. |
| George Marshall | Proposed the Marshall plan which provide aid to war torn Europe. |
