| A | B |
|---|
| cuticle | waxy, protective layer that covers the stems, leaves, and flowers of many plants and helps prevent water loss |
| cellulose | chemical compound made out of sugar in the cell walls of plants and provides structure and support |
| vascular plant | plant with tubelike structures that move minerals, water, and other substances throughout the plant |
| nonvascular plant | plant that absorbs water and other substances directly through its cell walls instead of through tubelike structures |
| rhizoid | threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground |
| pioneer species | 1st organisms to grow in new or disturbed areas |
| stomata | tiny openings in a plant's epidermis through which carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen enter and exit |
| guard cell | pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their openings and closings |
| xylem | vascular tissue that forms hollow vessels that transport substances, other than sugar, throughout a plant |
| phloem | vascular tissue that forms tubes that transport dissolved sugar throughout a plant |
| cambium | vascular tissue that produces xylem and phloem cells as a plant grows |
| gymnosperm | vascular plants that do not flower, generally have needlelike or scalelike leaves |
| angiosperm | flowering vascular plants that produce fruits containing one or more seeds; monocots and dicots |
| monocot | angiosperm with one cotyledon inside its seed; flower parts in multiple of 3's and vascular bundles scattered throughout |
| dicot | angiosperm with 2 cotyledons inside its seeds, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5, and vascular bundles in rings |
| spore | reproductive cell of fungus that can grow into a new organism |
| gametophyte stage | plant life cycle stage that begins when cells in reproductive organs undergo meiosis and produce haploid cells |
| sporophyte stage | plant life cycle stage that begins when an egg is fertilized by a sperm |
| frond | leaf of a fern that grows from the rhizome |
| rhizome | underground stem |
| sori | fern structures in which spores are produced |
| prothallus | small, green, heart-shaped gametophyte plant form of a fern that can make its own food and absorb water and nutrients from the soil |
| pollen grain | small structures produced by the male reproductive organs of a seed plant |
| pollination | transfer of pollen grains to the female part of a seed plant by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and animals |
| ovule | in seed plants, the female reproductive part that produces the eggs |
| stamen | male reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm |
| pistil | female reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm |
| ovary | swollen base of an angiosperm's pistil, where egg-producing ovules are found |
| germination | series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and many other producers use light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen |
| respiration | series of chemical reactions used to release energy stored in food molecules |
| chlorophyll | green, light-trapping pigment in plant chloroplasts that is important in photosynthesis |
| tropism | positive or negative plant response to an external stimulus such as touch, light or gravity |
