| A | B |
|---|
| Allele | for a given gene locus, 1 of 2+ slightly diff molecular forms of a gene that arise thru mutation and that code for diff versions of the same trait |
| codominance | In heterozygous, simultaneous expression of a pair of nonidentical alleles that specify diff phenotypes |
| continuous variation | Of a pop, more of less continuous range of small diff's in a given trait among it individuals |
| dihybrid cross | Experimantal cross between tru-breeding parents that differ in 2 traits |
| epistasis | Interaction among the products of 2 or more gene pairs |
| F1 | first-generation offspring |
| F2 | second generation offspring |
| gene | Unit of information about a heritable trait, passed from parents 2 offspring |
| Genotype | Genetic constitution of an individual; a single gene pair of the sum total of an individuals genes |
| heterozygous | pair of nonidentical alleles |
| Homozygous dominant | Having a pair of dominant alleles at a gene locus |
| Homozygous recessive | Having a pair of dominant alleles at a gene locus |
| Hybrid offspring | Of genetic cross, offspring w/ a pair of nonidentical alleles for a trait |
| incomplete dominance | Condition in which 1 allele of a pair is not fully dominant over the other; a heterozygous phenotype in between both homozygous phenotypes emerges |
| independant assortment | Mendel's theory, that by the end of meiosis, each pair of homologous chromosomes are sorted out for shipment to gametes independently of how all the other pairs were sorted |
| monohybrid cross | Experimental cross between 2 parents that are homozygous for diff versions of the same trait |
| Multiple allele system | 3+ slightly diff molecular forms of a gene that occur among individuals of a population |
| phenotype | Observable trait or traits of an individual that arise from gene interactions and gene-environmental interactions |
| pleiotrophy | pos or neg effects on 2 or more traits owing to expression of alleles at a single gene locus |
| probability | The chance that each outcome of a given event will occur is proportional to the # of ways the outcome can b |
| Punnett-square method | Construction of a diagram of a genetic cross that is a simple way to predict the probable outcomes |
| segregation | sexually reproducing organisms ingerit pairs of genes, the 2 genes of each pair are separated from each other at meiosis, and they end up in separate gametes |
| testcross | Experimental cross to determine whether an individual of unknown genotype that shows dominance for a trait is etiher homozygous dominant or heterozygous |
| true-breeding lineage | a lineage in which 1 version only of a trait shows up through the generations in all parents and their offspring |
