| A | B |
|---|
| aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores |
| herpetic stomatitis | blisters on the lips or face caused by HSV-1; cold sores |
| dental caries | tooth decay; bacteria in plaque cause the production of acid that erodes enamel |
| dental plaque | soft deposit of bacteria that builds up on teeth and causes caries and periodontal disease |
| calculus; tartar | hardened dental plaque that irritates surrounding tissue |
| diverticulum | pouch or sac occuring in the wall of a tubular organ |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of a diverticulum |
| diverticula | plural of diverticulum |
| diverticulosis | presence of several diverticula in the colon |
| ileus | partial or complete blockage of the intestines caused by cessation of peristalsis |
| volvulus | twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction |
| intussusception | telescoping of one part of the small intestine into another |
| hernia | protrusion of a part of a hollow organ through a weak spot in the abdominal wall |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm |
| inguinal hernia | protrusion of a loop of intestine through the inguinal canal |
| hemorrhoids; piles | swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region |
| cholelithiasis | condition of having gallstones |
| antacids | neutralize or reduce the production of acid |
| antiemetics | medications that reduce nausea |
| laxatives | medications that soften stool for elimination |
| anastomosis | surgical connection between two organs |
| stoma | an opening created surgically between an organ and the surface of the body |
| celiac disease | inherited autoimmune disorder in which the villi of the small intestine is triggered by the consumption of gluten |
| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that abnormally connects structures together |
| cirrhosis | degenerative liver disease; scar tissue replaces normal tissue and the liver becomes infiltrated with fat |
| fecal occult blood test/ Hemoccult | laboratory test that detects the presence of blood in stool |
| antiulcer | medications that work to prevent or treat ulcers |
| antidiarrheal | medications that treat diarrhea |
| purgatives | drugs that completely eliminate material in the colon; enema |
| antinauseant | medications that treat nausea |
| gastrojejunostomy | gastric bypass; creation of an opening between the stomach and jejunum |
| anorexia | lack of appetite |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| borborygmus | rumbling noise produced by the movement of gas and/or fluid in the GI tract |
| constipation | difficulty in passing hard, dry stools |
| diarrhea | abnormal frequency of loose, watery stools |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing due to physical obstruction or motor disorder |
| eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth |
| emesis | vomiting |
| flatus | gas expelled through the anus |
| flatulence | presence of excessive gas |
| hematochezia | passage of fresh, red blood from the rectum |
| jaundice (icterus) | yellow discolouration of the skin and eyes caused by accumulation of bilirubin in the blood |
| melena | passage of black, tarry stools; caused by presence of digested blood in the stool |
| nausea | sensation in the stomach that is associated with a tendency to vomit |
| pyrosis | burning sensation just behind the sternum caused by regurgitation of acid into the esophagus |
| steatorrhea | fat in the feces; produces foul-smelling, frothy fecal matter |
| periodontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone |
| peptic ulcer | erosion of the skin or mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum |
| irritable bowl syndrome | group of gastrointestinal symptoms often associated with stress and tension |
| inflammatory bowel disease | chronic, idiopathic inflammation of the GI tract |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon |
| polyps | small growths |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease; occurs when solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach and cause pyrosis more than 2 times per week |
| endoscopy | visualization of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting |
