| A | B |
|---|
| microscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| compound microscope | a light microscope that has more than one lens |
| resolution | the ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object |
| magnification | the ability to make things look larger than they are |
| convex lens | a curved lens in which the center is thicker than the edges |
| cell theory | a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| cell membrane | a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| nucleus | the cell's control center, directing all of the cell's activities; acts as the "brain" of the cell |
| cytoplasm | the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| chloroplast | a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food |
| vacuole | a water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area |
| organic compound | a compound that contains carbon |
| inorganic compound | a compound that does NOT contain carbon |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| protein | a large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| amino acids | small molecules that are linked together chemically to form proteins |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| lipids | energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| nucleic acid | a very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound, such as sugar or starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT using energy |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| bacterial cell | has cell membrane, cell wall, NO nucleus |
| cholesterol | the lipid that makes up animal cell membrane |
| concave, convex, plano | three types of lenses |
