| A | B |
|---|
| Phyla that belong to the Animal Kingdom | Invertebrates & Vertebrates |
| do not have a backbone | Invertebrates |
| have a backbone | Vertebrates |
| chordata | another name for animals that have a backbone |
| *not* a characteristic of animals | autotrophic (makes its own food) |
| tissues that develop from the endoderm | digestive system |
| mesoderm-lined body cavity found in some invertebrates | coelom |
| the first known animals to show bilateral symmetry | flatworms |
| external skeleton | exoskeleton |
| first segmented animals | annelids |
| ectoderm | forms skin and body coverings, and gave rise to the nervous system |
| Cambrian Explosion | gave rise to many different kinds of animals |
| body plan | way in which organs & tissues are organized to produce animals |
| common ancestors of all multi-cellular organisms had this | 2 distinct cell layers separated by a middle jelly layer |
| segments | body compartments that repeat parts of an animal |
| increase body size of animal, and eventually evolved into different organs | segments |
| cephalization | an animal who has developed a front end enough to be called a head |
| centralization | nerve cells are more concentrated into bundles to form nerve cords |
| bilateral symmetry | animals with left and right sides that are identical |
| mollusks | clams, snails, squid, octopus |
| skeleton located within the body | endoskeleton |
| invertebrate chordates | show a link between land animals with backbones and ancient ancestors in the sea |
| radial symmetry | body parts that repeat around the center of an organism |
| example of radial symmetry | starfish |
| example of bilateral symmetry | frog |
| example of no symmetry | sponge |
| open circulatory system | blood from the heart is not entirely contained in blood vessels |
| closed circulatory system | blood is contained inside blood vessels which passes through parts of the body and back to the heart again |
| extracellular digestion | digestion takes place outside the cells |
| intracellular digestion | digestion takes place inside the cell |
| digested products are absorbed into blood vessles | extracellular digestion |
| sponges digest this way | intracellular digestion |
| lungfish | is capable of breathing in and out of water |
| Aves | a sub class of reltilia |
| all invertebrates are capable of this | sexual reproduction |
| *all* vertebrates do this | sexually reproduce |
| reproduce using external fertilization | Amphibians |
| reproduce using internal fertilizaation | Reptiles |
| living vertebrates without jaws (jawless) | hagfish & lampreys |
| have cartilage but not bone | Chondrichthyes |
| bony fishes | Osteichthyes |
| birds | Aves |
| lizards and snakes | Squamata |
| means "warm blooded" | endothermic |
| newts and salamandars | Urodela |
| frogs and toads | Anura |
| crocodiles, alligators and caimans | Crocodilia |
| mammals that lay eggs | Monotremes |
| mammals that give birth to fully developed young | Placental mammals |
| mammals whose embryos are born alive then crawl into a pouch to finish development | Marsupials |
| mammary glands | enable females to nourish their young with milk |
| characterized by the presence of hair | mammals |
| cannot make their own body heat (need the sun) | Reptiles |
| about 40% of mammalian species are of this order | rodents (rodentia) |
| Bats & Whales | examples of mammals |
| tetrapods | 4-legged mammals |
