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| What event led to the rapid growth of population in California and California statehood? | The discovery of gold in 1848 led to a gold rush in 1849 (The forty-niners!) |
| What was the Seneca Falls Convention? | It was the the4 first public meeting about women's rights and it was held in Seneca Falls, NY in July, 1848. It was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. the organizers wrote the Declaration of Sentiments to advance the rights of women |
| What is the states' rights doctrine? | It is the belief that the power of the states should be greater than the power of the federal government. This doctrine was used by the southern states in their defense of slavery prior to the Civil War and was used to justify their secession after Lincoln's inaugeration in 1861. |
| What did the Thirteenth amendment do? | It outlawed slavery in the USA in 1865. |
| What did the Fourteenth Amendment do? | It gave full citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S. except for American Indians in 1866. |
| What did the Fifteenth amendment do? | It gave African American men the right to vote in 1870. |
| What was the Emancipation Proclamation? | It was an executive order issued by President Lincoln that freed all slaves in areas rebelling against the Union as of January 1, 1863. Lincoln issued this order after the Union's victory at Antietam and it defined that the Union was fighting against the institution of slavery and it kept Britain from entering the war on the side of the Confederacy. |
| What was an abolitionist? | Someone opposed to slavery |
| Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe? | She was an abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. This book converted many to the abolitionist cause in the North and angered many in the south for its portrayal of plantation life and slavery. |
| What event brought about the call for secession in several Southern states in 1860? | Abraham Lincoln's election as President in 1860. |
| What is secession? | The formal withdrawl from a nation. |
| What was the southerners' view of slaves? | Slaves were treated as property. |
| What was a poll tax? | A tax that had to be paid in order to vote. |
| What was a grandfather clause? | Southern states passed these to permit poor whites to vote but former slaves whose grandfathers did not vote would have to pay a poll tax to vote. Many were too poor to be able to pay the tax and did not vote. |
| What is a literacy test? | Southern states used these tests to keep former slaves from voting because most could not read. |
| What was established by the verdict in Plessy vs. Ferguson in 1896? | The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal in public facilities as long as "separate but equal" facilities were provided. This was often not the case! |
| What is a muckraker? | A jourrnalist who exposes the filth and corruption in government and business practices |
| Who was Upton Sinclair? | he was a muckraker who exposed the working conditions and filthy conditions in the Chicago meatpacking industry in his book The Jungle. |
| What was the temperance movment? | It was the movement to ban alcohol. the movement worked to get the 18th Amendment passed in 1919. |
| What was the Eighteenth Amendment? | It outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. but was repealed in 1933. |
| What is suffrage? | The right to vote |
| What amendment granted women the right to vote or suffrage? | The Nineteenth Amendment did in 1920 |
| What two waterways were connected by the Panama Canal? | The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| What is imperialism? | It is the practice of extending a nation's power by gaining territories for a colonial empire. |
| What war made the U.S. an imperialist nation? | The Spanish-American War in 1898. The U.S. gained control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. |
| What was Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after World War I? | The Fourteen Points Plan |
| What international organization did Wilson propose in his Fourteen Points to work towards world peace and prevent future wars? | The League of Nations |
| Did the U.S. sign the Treaty of Versailles ending WWI? | No, the Senate refused to ratify the treaty. The U.S. signed separate treaties with the Central Powers nations. |
| Did the United States join the League of Nations? | No, many Americans wanted no part of an alliance that could drag our military into another war. This weakened the League of Nations. |
| What is a primary source? | Historical documents, written accounts by a firsthand witness, or objects that have survived from the past. Primary sources might include diaries, letters, government documents, photographs, art objects, stamps, coins, and even clothing. |
| What country was forced to accept total blame for the WWI, pay reparations, disarm, and reduce its military in the Treaty of Versailles? | Germany |
| What was Warren Harding's campaign slogan in the election of 1920 and what was it about? | "A Return to Normalcy"- Harding promised policies that would return the U.S. to the way things were before WWI and simpler, more prosperous and peaceful times |
| What was the Harlem Renaissance? | It was an era in the 1920s when African-American culture flourished in NYC and elsewhere. It was a period of artistic achievement. |
| What was Prohibition? | It was the period from 1919 to 1933 when the production and sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal in the U.S. It was started by the 18th Amendment and repealed by the 21st Amenment. |
| Why did many americans call for an end to Prohibition in the 1920s and 1930s? | Many Americans did not support it, organized crime was a growing danger, and the government needed tax revenue after the Great Depression started. |
| Why did many americans wish to limit immigration in the 1920s? | Many Americans did not want the competition for jobs, worried that immigrants would lower wages, worried that immigrants might be Communists or Socialists, and did not like the different cultures and beliefs. |
| How did the government try to limit immigration from various countries? | Congress passed a quota system that limited the number of immigrants that could enter the U.S. from various nations each year. |
| What caused the economic boom of the Roaring Twenties? | Installment buying, the demand for new consumer goods, and advertising |
| What was Black Tuesday? | October 29, 1929- The day the stock market crashed |
| What is meant by "buying stocks on margin"? | It is the process of purchasing stock with credit, hoping to sell at a high enough price to pay the loan and make a profit. This was one of the main causes of the stock market crash in 1929. |
| What was the New Deal? | FDR's plann to bring the nation out of the Great Depression. its goals were relief, recovery, and reform |
| What two New Deal programs are still in existence today? | The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) and SSA (Social Security Administration) |
| What were the main reasons for the Great Depression? | Overproduction, overborrowing of credit and installment buying, falling farm prices, high tariffs, poor foreign sales, and buying stocks on margin. |
| What was the Dust Bowl? | An area in the Great Plains in the 1930s stricken by severd drought and high wind erosion. The Dust Bowl stretched from the Dakotas down to Texas. |
| Who was the president who was blamed for the Great Depression? | Herbert Hoover |
| How did President Hoover deal with the Great Depression during its first year? | He believed that private charities and organizations should lead the effort and was against the federal government handing out money to the unemployed. |
| What event brought the U.S. into WWII? | The Japanese sneak attack on the U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941 |
| What was the Holocaust? | It was the program of mass murder in which the Nazis tried to kill all Jews during WWII. |
| What is capitalism? | An economic system in which private businesses run most industries. The U.S. is an example of this system. |
| How did WWII affect the home front? | Americans mobilized for war production, people bought bonds, supported the soldiers with higher taxes, rationed gasoline, rubber shoes, food, and made do, women entered the work force and the military, the Great Migration continued, and braceros found work in farming. Factory production increased and the Great Depression ended as unemployment went down to 1%. |
| Which group of American suffered internment during WWII? | many Japanese-Americans were forcibly moved to internment camps and lost their homes, businesses, and jobs. |
| Why were the Nuremberg Trials important? | The Nuremberg Trials established the principle that individuals were responsible for war crimes against humanity |
| What was the Truman Doctrine (1945)? | The policy of providing aid to foreign countries to fight the spread of communism |
| What was the Marshall Plan? | A policy to help the economic recovery of Europe after WWII. Between 1948 and 1952, the U.S. gave more than $13 billion in loans and grants to European countries. This aid helped to contain the spread of communism and stabilized Europe. |
| What was containment? | The policy of preventing the Soviet Union from expanding its influence and communism around the world. |
| What was the Cold War? | The struggle for global power between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII |
| What was the North American Treaty Organization? | (NATO) The U.S. joined nine other Western European countries, along with Iceland and Canada to form a military alliance that promised to defend each other if attacked. This alliance has grown since the ending of the Cold War. |
| What two former WWII allies became enemies during the Cold War? | China and the Soviet Union |
| How did the U.S. government later respond to its treatement of Japanese Americans during WWII? | It isssued an apology and financial restitution to Japanese Americans who were interned during WWII. |
| Who was the Arican American leader who led the fight for civil rights in the 1960s? | Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| What were civil rights actists fighting to bring an end to the 1950s and 60s? | segregation |
| Why did President Eisenhower send federal troops to Little Rock High School in 1957? | To enforce the integration of the Little Rock, Arkansas Central School District. |
| What was the Surpeme Court Case in 1954 that overturned the decision of Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) that declared that separate is NOT equal and declared segregation in public places is unconstitutional? | Brown vs. the Topeka Board of Education |
| Why did Presidents Kennedy and Johnson send American troops to Vietnam in the 1960s? | To prevent the Communist takeover of South Vietnam and contain the spread of communism. |
| Why did President Nixon resign from office in 1974? | President Nixon was about to be impeached because of his approval of a break-in at Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate Building in Washington, D.C. during the election of 1972 |
| How has the U.S. balance of trade shifted since the end of WWII? | The U.S. has increasingly bought more and more products from foreign countries. Foreign imports have exceeded U.S. exports. |
| Who organized the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY to start the fight for women's rights | Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| What is communism? | A political system in which all resources are shared equally. There is no private ownership of the means of production. |
| What is socialism? | an economic system in which the government owns and operates a country's means of production |
