| A | B |
|---|
| Echidna | marsupial example |
| Xylem | vascular tissue of plant for transport of water and minerals |
| Vestigial structure | appendix is an example - something that due to evolution is no longer necessary |
| Setae | bristles on annelids - worms |
| Cohesion | the property of water molecules to stick together - enabling them to rise up a tree |
| Nephridia | the excretory structures of annelids |
| Meristem | the actively growing site in both stems or roots |
| Gravitropism | a response due to gravity in plant shoots or roots |
| cephalization | having a head end |
| ventral | side of an organism that typically faced the earth |
| porifera | sponges |
| Annelids | segmented worms |
| chordates | amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals |
| stone canal | the structure connecting the madeporite and the ring canal in sea stars |
| Tube foot | sea star part of the water vascular system |
| ectotherm | animals that get their body temp from the environment |
| stigma | top part of the female reproductive structure in a plant |
| stamen | The male reproductive structure in a plant - consists of the anther and the filament |
| Natural Selection | Darwin's Theory of Evolution - Be sure you can write the definition |
| Bottleneck effect | seen when genes in a polulation are reduced due to environmental pressue |
| monotreme | one class of mammals, duckbill playtapus - they lay eggs |
| phloem | vascular tissue in plants - carries nutrients |
| hermaphrodite | organism that possess both male and female reproductive structures |
| parapodia | the paddle like appendages of annelids, increase movement and surface area for gas exchange |
| gizzard | the grinding organ in an earthworms digestive system |
| flame cells | the excretory structure found in flatworms - platyhelminthes |
| sapwood | the outer layers of xylem in tree trunks |
| acolemate | without a body cavity - flatworms |
| phototropism | plants response to sunlight |
| anterior | the head end of an organism |
| rugae | the grinding structures in the stomach of mammals |
| Cnidaria | the phyla that includes jellyfish |
| arthropods | the phyla that includes insects and crustaceans |
| radial symmetry | symmetry in animals that creates equals sides when cut across the diameter |
| ring canal | part of the water vascular system of echinoderms |
| dioecious | organisms that have both male and female members of their species |
| style | the middle section of the pistil of a plant - female reproductive structure |
| anther | male plant part that produces pollen, found at end of anther |
| exoskeleton | having an exterior skeleton - arthropods |
| founder effect | a bottleneck effect in evolution where only a subset of the original population's genes are represented |
| endosperm | the food stored with a plant embryo in a seed |
| spongy mesophyll | a leaf layer that contains air spaces as well as cells with chloroplasts |
| septum | the tissue that provides the internal separation of segments for annelids |
| amniotic egg | eggs that can develop outside of a water environment - wast disposal sac, food source, waterproof coating |
| crop | storage for annelids digestion |
| esophagus | found in multiple organisms digestive system, after mouth |
| heartwood | the center of tree bark, dark and filled with oils and resin |
| pseudocoelomate | having a false body cavity - nematodes |
| thigmotropism | plant stem movements in response to touch |
| posterior | the anal side(end) of most organisms |
| villi | structure in small intestine of mammals of increased absortion |
| Platyhelminthes | flat worms, planaria, acoelomates |
| Mollusks | mantle, muscular foot, soft body, three class - bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods |
| bilateral symmetry | symmetry found by dividing organism in half through the head end |
| radial canal | part of the water vascular system in echinoderms |
| radula | scraping mouth part of some mollusks |
| chitin | what an exoskeleton is made of - arthropods |
| ovary | female - egg producing structure |
| filament | plants - male part that holds the anther where pollen is found |
| scolex | hook end of a tapeworm - platyhelminthes |
| gastic mill | grinding structure in stomach of crayfish - crustaean |
| pollen | male reproductive cell found at anther |
| palisade mesophyll | layer of leaf where most photosynthesis occurs |
| homologous structure | structures that have the same internal components, ex, human arm and bat wing |
| analogous structure | structures that have the same function - bird wing and butterfly wings |
| pharynx | part of digestive system, found near mouth |
| stomata | the hole in the bottom side of leaves, that allows gases to exchange |
| bark | the outermost protective layer of woody stems - trees |
| coelomate | true body cavity - first phyla is annelids, mammals also have this |
| auxin | plant hormone - results in tropisms |
| dorsal | the "back" side of organism, if ventral is stomach |
| green glands | excretory structures in crayfish |
| Nematodes | round worms - first phyla with two ends to the digestive system |
| Echinoderms | spiny skin, water vascular system - seastar |
| madreporite | Echinoderms - also called sieve plate - aboral side, where water enter the water vascular system |
| ampulla | Echinoderms - connected to tube feet - helps propel organism |
| endotherm | animals that make and maintain their own body temperature |
| mesolgea | inner body layer of Cnidarians |
| pistil | plant - female reproductive structure consists of stigma, style, ovary |
| evolution | a process of change in organisms over time |
| mantle | Mollusks - the layer that secretes the shell |
| statocyst | Arthropods - crustacean - the structure that tells a crayfish its orientation, right side up or up side down |
