| A | B |
|---|
| Reconstruction | the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War |
| amnesty | the granting of pardon to a large number of persons: protection from persecution for an illegal act |
| black codes | laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen |
| override | to overturn or defeat; as a bill proposed in Congress |
| impeach | to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office |
| scalawag | name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South |
| carpetbagger | northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War |
| corruption | dishonest or illegal actions |
| integrate | to end separation of different races and bring into equal membership in society |
| sharecropping | system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop |
| cash crop | farm crop raised to be sold for money |
| poll tax | a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote |
| literacy test | a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level |
| grandfather clause | allowed some to vote after not passing a literacy test if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began |
| segragation | the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group |
| lynching | putting to death a person by the illegal action of a mob |
| Ten Percent Plan | if 10 percent of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new government |
| Radical Republicans | thought Lincoln was too forgiving and wanted a more extreme approach |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Radical Republican; wanted Southern institutions destroyed and recreated |
| Wade-Davis Bill | bill passed stating requirements for states to rejoin the Union |
| Freedman's Bureau | helped African Americans adjust to freedom; helped to provide services, acquire land and find work for fair wages |
| John Wilkes Booth | Confederate sympathizer who shot Lincoln |
| Andrew Johnson | vice president to Lincoln; became president when Lincoln was killed |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | granted full citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the power to intervene to protect their rights |
| First Reconstruction Act | called for the creation of new governments in the 10 Southern states that has not ratified the Fourteenth Amendment |
| Second Reconstruction Act | required military commander to register voters and prepare for state constitutional conventions |
| Tenure of Office Act | prohibited the president from removing government officials without the Senate's approval |
| Edwin Stanton | Secretary of War; was removed by president Johnson and the removal was a violation of the Tenure of Office Act |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Republican nominee after Johnson; became president |
| Hiram Revels | African American senator; recruited African Americans for the Union army |
| Blanche K. Bruce | African American senator; taught in a school for African Americans |
| Amnesty Act | pardoned most former Confederates |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | Republican nominee for president in 1876; became president |
| Compromise of 1877 | provided more aid to the South, agreed to withdraw troops from the Southern states |
| Jim Crow laws | required African American and whites to be separated in almost every public place |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case upholding the laws of segregation |
| radical | extreme |
| adjust | adapt |
| convince | to persuade (someone) that something is true |
| suspend | to prevent or bar from carrying out official duties |
| credit | a form of loan; ability to buy goods based on future payment |
| academy | a private high school; school that provides specialized training |
| outcome | result |
| commision | a group of persons directed to perform some duty |
