| A | B |
|---|
| stock exchange | a place where shares in corporations are bought and sold through an organized system |
| default | to fail to meet an obligation, especially a financial one |
| relief | aid for the needy; welfare |
| public works | projects such as highways, parks, and libraries built with public funds for public use |
| work relief | programs that gave needy people government jobs |
| migrant worker | a person who moves from place to place to fine work harvesting fuits and vegetables |
| fascist | a person with extremely nationalistic views |
| pension | a sum paid regularly to a person, usually after retirement |
| unemployment insurance | payments by the government for a limited period of time to people who have lost their jobs |
| "Black Thursday" | panicked traders sold almost 13 million shares on October 24, 1929 |
| Great Depression | a severe economic crisis |
| Hooverville | shantytown |
| Bonus Army | formed by jobless veterans who wanted their World War I bonuses |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Democratic governor chosen to run for president in 1932 |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | Franklin Roosevelt's wife, a partner in his public and political life |
| Hundred Days | a period in which Roosevelt's proposals for new economic programs were quickly approved by Congress |
| New Deal | laws and regulations which affected banking, the stock market, industry, agriculture, public works, relief for the poor, and conservation of resources |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | aimed to control flooding, promote, or help advance, conservation and development, and bring electricity to rural areas |
| Frances Perkins | the first woman ever to serve in the cabinet |
| Dust Bowl | western Kansas & Oklahoma, northern Texas, and eastern Colorado and New Mexico |
| Ralph Bunche | an African American appointed to a federal post by Roosevelt |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | an African American served as an advisor to the president |
| Indian Reorganization Act | restored traditional tribal government and provided money for land purchases to enlarge some reservations |
| Spanish Civil War | fascists tried to take over the Spanish government |
| Second New Deal | a new set of programs and reforms launched in 1935 |
| Social Security Act | created a tax on workers and employers, which provided monthly pensions for retired people |
| John L. Lewis | helped form a new union, the Congress of Industrial Organizations |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | banned child labor and set a minimum wage of 40 cents per hour |
| decline | descend |
| collapse | break down |
| promote | to help in advance |
| generate | create |
| migrate | relocate |
| advocate | support |
| scheme | a plan |
| welfare | standard care; well-being |
