| A | B |
|---|
| Clovis | first Germanic ruler to accept Catholicism |
| Francis of Assisi | founded the Franciscan Friars |
| William the Conqueror | fought Harold of Wessex in 1066 in the Battle of Hastings |
| Charlemagne | one of Europe's greatest monarchs |
| Otto the Great | tried to restore Charlemagne's empire and posed the greatest threat to the pope's authority |
| Charles Martel | stopped the spread of Islam at the Battle of Tours |
| Pope Leo III | crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor |
| Vikings | invaders from Scandinavia who were also known as explorers and settlers |
| Thomas a' Becket | the Archbishop of Cantebury who was murdered in his own cathedral during the Christmas season |
| Pepin the Short | became mayor of the palace in 752 and gave the pope a large strip of land in Italy |
| Henry II | developed the court system and established common law in England |
| Alfred the Great | united the Angle-Saxon kingdoms - his united kingdom became known as "Angleland" |
| Gregory I | adopted the Benedictine rule to spread Christianity in Europe |
| Henry IV | Holy Roman Emperor who had a major conflict with Pope Gregory VII concerning secular control of the church |
| Phillip Augustus | He ruled France from AD 1180 - 1223. He was 15 when be succeeded to the throne. He futher weakened the power of the feudal lords |
| Dominic | a Spanish priest who organized the Dominican friars in AD1215 |
| Gregory VII | a reform minded monk named Hilderbrand - he criticized the practice of lay investure |
| Innocent III | one of the most powerful popes who tried to reform the Catholic Church |
| Benedict | A Roman official who founded a monastery at Monte Cassino in Italty which became a model for monks in other communities |
