| A | B |
|---|
| tissue | groups of cells with same shape that have same function |
| epithelial tissue | covering tissue for protection |
| connective tissue | supports and holds parts together |
| organs | different tissues to carry out specific function |
| organ system | groups of organs with related function |
| digestive system | system to break down and absorb nutrients |
| alimentary canal | tube where food passes |
| large intestine | absorbs water and minerals |
| uvula | flap of skin at back of throat to keep food from entering nasal cavity |
| epiglottis | flap keeps food out of trachea |
| nutrients | proteins, carbohydrates and fat |
| ingestion | taking in food |
| egestion | removal of food (poo) |
| physical digestion | substance does not change- size of particles is reduced |
| chemical digestion | substance changes at molecular level: needs enzymes |
| glucose | smaller subunits of carbohydrates |
| amino acids | smaller subunits of proteins |
| glycerol and fatty acids | smaller subunits of fats |
| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins | 3 types of nutrients |
| enzyme | assist process of chemical digestion |
| digestion | breakdown of food |
| absorption | taking in of nutrient molecules into body tissues |
| lipase | enzyme that digests fats |
| rennin | enzyme digests milk protein |
| pepsin | enzyme digests protein in stomach |
| trypsin | enzyme digests protein in small intestine |
| amylase | enzyme breaks down carbohydrates |
| mechanical digestion | another name for physical digestion |
| peristalsis | wave-like motion of muscles in digestive system to move food |
| trachea | windpipe |
| gastric juice | contains HCl, pepsin, rennin and water |
| casein | milk protein |
| hydrochloric acid | needed to activate pepsinogen to pepsin |
| emulsification | physical digestion of fats |
| bile | breaks down fats by increasing surface area |
| gall bladder | stores bile produced in liver |
| villi | small projections lining small intestine to increase surface area and absorption |
| lacteal | part of villi that absorbs fats |
| capillaries | part of villi that absorbs glucose and amino acids |
| carbohydrates | produce heat and muscle energy |
| protein | build and repair body cells |
| fats | store energy for later use |
| vitamins and minerals | keep body healthy |
| mouth | where digestion of carbohydrates starts |
| small intestine | where digestion of CHO's and protein is completed |
| trypsin | active form of trypsinogen |
| pepsin | active form of pepsinogen |
| body temperature | temp at which digestive enzymes work best |
| duodenum | part of small intestine where most activity occurs |
| pyloric sphincter | separates stomach from small intestine |
| jejunum | middle section of small intestine |
| ileum | last section of small intestine |
| colon | another name for large intestine |
| liver | organ which removes harmful substances from body |
| small intestine | where digestion of nutrients is completed |
| lacteal | part of villi that absorbs fatty acids |
| capillary | part of villi that absorbs glucose and amino acids |
| carbohydrates | nutrient that produces heat and muscle energy |
| proteins | nutrient that builds and repairs body cells |
| fats | nuttrient that stores energy for later use |
| hemorroids | bulging blood vessels of rectum and anus |
| pancreas | makes enzymes, bicarbonate ion, insulin |
| pyloric sphincter | separates stomach from small intestine |
| cardiac sphincter | separates esophagus from stomach |
| gallstones | formed from salts in bile |
