| A | B |
|---|
| work | occurs when a force is applied to an object and moves it in the direction of the force - requires energy |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause a change in the direction, speed, shape or temperature of an object |
| Joules (J) | the unit for work and energy |
| potential energy | stored energy due to an objects position or condition |
| kinetic energy (motion) | energy of motion, the faster or heavier the object, the more of this type of energy |
| 1st Law of Energy (Law of Conservation of Energy) | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| 2nd Law of Energy | energy transfers and transformations are never 100% efficient - some useful energy must always be lost as heat |
| chemical potential energy | energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules |
| mechanical energy | energy stored in objects by tension or compression |
| nuclear energy | energy stored in the nucleus of an atom - the energy that holds the nucleus together |
| gravitational potential energy | energy stored in an object's height - the higher or heavier the object, the more of this energy is stored |
| electrical energy | kinetic energy in the flow of electrons through a wire or the potential energy of a battery |
| thermal energy | heat - the vibration or movement of the atoms and molecules within substances |
| radiant energy | electromagnetic energy that travels in waves |
| non-renewable energy | sources of energy in limited supply that cannot be replaced once they are used |
| sound | energy transferred through the vibrations of an object or substance |
| nuclear fission | release of energy through the splitting the nucleus of an atom |
| nuclear fusion | release of energy through combining the nuclei of two or more atoms |
| fossil fuels | coal, oil, natural gas |
| renewable energy | energy sources that can be replaced or replenished in a short period of time |
| biomass | energy from living or recently living organisms, such as wood or waste |
| conduction | energy transferred by direct contact |
| convection | energy transferred through the movement of molecules in a fluid (liquid or gas) |
| radiation | energy transferred through the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| temperature | measures the average speed of atoms or molecules in a solid, liquid or gas |
