| A | B |
|---|
| osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bone with inadequate mineralization |
| rickets | osteomalacia occurring in children |
| talipes | congenital deformity of the hindfoot |
| talipes equinovarus | clubfoot |
| kyphosis | increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine |
| lordosis | increase in the inward curvature of the lumbar spine |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| herniated disk | breakdown of an intervertebral disk that puts pressure on the spinal nerve roots |
| spondylosis | any degenerative disorder that causes loss of normal spinal function |
| hallux valgus | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe; bunion |
| dislocation (luxation) | total displacement of the bone from its joint |
| atrophy | decrease in the size of an organ or tissue |
| spasm | sudden, violent, involuntary contraction |
| fibromyalgia | uncontrollable fatigue and widespread muscle, ligament and joint pain |
| tendinitis | inflammation and pain in a tendon due to excessive or unusual use |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| ganglion cyst | fluid-filled swelling that develops from the joint capsule or tendon |
| sprain | stretched or torn ligament or joint capsule |
| strain | injury to the muscle or tendon attachment |
| bone densitometry (DEXA or DHS) | test that uses low-level x-rays to measure the absorption levels of bones of the spine, pelvis and wrist; indicates bone density |
| anti-inflammatory | drug class that reduces inflammation |
| analgesic | drug class that relieves pain |
| antiosteoporotic | drug that reduces the effects of osteoporosis |
| manipulation (closed reduction) | realignment of bone without entering skin |
| traction | pulling force exerted on a limb to realign a bone |
| immobilization | holding or fastening a broken bone in place with strapping or casts |
| external fixation | placement of pins through the skin to hold the pieces of a broken bone in place |
| internal fixation | insertion of pins or plates that are not usually removed |
| arthritis | inflammation of joints |
| osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease caused by wearing away or loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs at the joint surfaces |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic joint inflammation caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue |
| gout (gouty arthritis) | inflammation and swelling caused by excessive uric acid in the body |
| ankylosing spondylitis | chronic inflammation and stiffening of joints, primarily the spine |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density or mass that causes thinning and weakening of bone; often due to inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D |
| compression fractures | fractures that occur when the bones become weak and collapse |
| Colles' fracture | fracture of the radius at the distal end or wrist; often caused by osteoporosis |
| closed/simple fracture | fracture in which the bone is broken, but there is no open wound |
| open/compound fracture | fracture in which the bone and the skin are broken |
| comminuted fracture | fracture in which the bone is shattered or crushed into several pieces |
| impacted fracture | fracture in which the bone breaks into two pieces and one fragment is driven into the other |
| pathologic fracture | break that occurs when a bone is weaked by disease |
| greenstick fracture | an incomplete fracture that occurs more often in children and adolescents |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | compression of the median nerve as it passes through the structures of the wrist; causes numbness and tingling |
| fracture | traumatic breaking of bone |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | chronic inflammation of connective tissues taht affects joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers |
| muscle relaxant | relaxes muscles |
| open reduction | surgical realignment of bone |
| spiral fracture | twisting apart of bone that most often occurs with sports injuries |
