| A | B |
|---|
| frond | the name for the leaf of a fern |
| fiddlehead | an immature, curled-up fern leaf |
| sori (singular=sorus) | spore cases on the underside of a fern frond that appear as small black or brown rows of dots |
| rhizome | underground stem of a fern (the fronds and fiddleheads grow up out of it; the roots grow down out of it) |
| xylem | transporting tubes in vascular plants that carry water from the roots to other parts of the plant |
| phloem | transporting tubes in vascular plants that carry food (sugar) from the leaves to the other parts of the plant |
| seed | an infant plant enclosed with a food supply inside a protective coat |
| cambium | the growth tissue in a stem (or tree trunk) that produces more xylem and phloem cells |
| annual ring | one year's growth of xylem cells in a tree trunk |
| tuber | tyupe of underground stem in some seed plants that has "eyes" that can each grow into new shoots (example : a potato) |
| bulb | type of "teardrop" shaped underground stem in some seed plants (examples: onion, daffodil, tulip) |
| herbaceous | soft, flexible type of stem (example: corn stalk) |
| woody | hard, rigid type of stem (example: tree trunk) |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants make sugar in their leaves, using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight energy |
| chloroplasts | cell structures in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place; "photosynthesis factories" |
| epidermis | the outer layer of cells on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf (similar in function and name to our outermost layer of skin) |
| cuticle | waxy coating on the epidermis of the leaves of some plants that live in very dry climates |
| transpiration | process by which leaves get rid of extra water vapor |
| stomata | holes or openings in the lower side of a leaf where the leaf sends out excess water vapor |
| guard cells | lip-like structures that open or close the stomata (holes) under a plant leaf |
