| A | B |
|---|
| haploid | half the number of chromosomes, one not a pair |
| diploid | two chromosomes or a pair that match |
| genotype | two alleles for a given trait |
| homozygous | when an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait |
| dominant | when an allele is always expressed |
| recessive | when an allelle is seen when a dominant allele is not present |
| phenotype | physical appearance of a trait |
| Law of Segregation | proposed by Mendel, how traits appear or disappear in a certain pattern through generations |
| heredity | passing down of traits |
| Law of Independent Assortment | the inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another |
| heterozygous | when both a dominant and recessive allele are present in a genotype |
| crossover | exchange of genetic material during Prophase I and Meiosis I, to improve genetic variation |
| truebreeding | occurs when one trait is seen throughout generations of breeding |
| Darwin | father of evolution and natural selection |
| Mendel | father of genetics |
| Oparin | known for the ideas of macromolecules, first appeared in H2O |
| Urey&Miller | didn't use O2 because there was no O2 in early atmosphere |
| vaccines | these do not cause disease |
| Human Genome Project | created a map showing where genes are located on chromosome |
| codon | message from DNA |
| anticodon | carries the amino acid for the code |
| nucleus | where mRNA is found and to get messages from DNA |
| transfer | other name for tRNA |
| cytoplasm | where tRNA is found |
| ribosome | where rRNA is found |
| karyotype | a picture of chromosomes |
| autosomes | the first 1-22 pairs of chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | the last pair or the 23rd pair of chromosomes |
| Prophase I and Meiosis I | when does crossover occur? |
| mimicry | similarity of one species to another |
| IO moth and the monarch butterfly | examples of mimicry |
| camouflage | method of concealment, blending into the environment |
| competition | contest between organisms for survival |
| resources | a source or supply from which an organism gains profit |
