| A | B |
|---|
| Inductive Reasoning | A type of reasoning that makes a generalization from a number of specific examples. |
| Deductive Reasoning | A type of reasoning that takes a general principal (major premise) and then applies it to a specific case (minor premise) to form a conclusion. |
| Rogerian Argument | A type of argument concerned with finding common ground and ultimately reaching a consensus or compromise. |
| Claim | A statement of an arguable position backed up with evidence. |
| Toulmin Argument | A type of argument concerned with the establishment of claims, backed by warrants and supported by evidence. |
| Reasons | Also called grounds, the evidence that backs up a claim in a Toulmin argument. |
| Warrants | An unstated assumption present in a Toulmin argument’s statement of claims and reasons. |
| Classical Argument | A type of argument that relies on the presentation of a thesis, use of rhetorical appeals, and refutation of opposing views. |
| Preconceptions | An idea already held by a writer or reader in advance of making or receiving a textual statement. |
| Implications | What readers can infer from statements a writer makes. |
| Assumptions | A belief that underlies a writer’s proposition or statement. |
| Critical Thinking | The ability to separate fact from opinion, to ask questions, to reflect on one’s own role in the process of inquiry and discovery, and to pay close attention to detail. |
| Active Reading | The ability to uncover the biases, preconceptions, assumptions, and implications of a text. |
| Bias | A deeply held and ingrained belief that can cloud one’s perspective as a writer or reader. |
