| A | B |
| patron | financial supporter of the arts |
| humanism | intellectual movement based on the study of classical culture |
| humanities | study of subjects taught in ancient Greece and Rome such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history |
| perspective | artistic technique used to gove drawings and paintings a three-dimensional effect |
| engravings | art form where an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid |
| vernacular | everyday language of ordinary people |
| utopia | ideal society |
| indulgence | lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory |
| recant | to give up one's views or beliefs |
| predestination | the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation |
| theocracy | government run by church leaders |
| annul | cancel |
| canonized | recognized as a saint |
| compromise | acceptable middle ground |
| scapegoats | someone to blame for problems |
| ghetto | a separate section of a city where members of a minority groups are forced to live |
| heliocentric | sun-centered |
| hypothesis | a possible explanation |
| scientific method | step-by-step process of discovery |
| gravity | force that tends to pull one object or mass toward another |