| A | B |
|---|
| conquistador | Spanish conquerors |
| immunity | resistance to disease |
| alliance | formal agreement between nations to cooperate and defend one another |
| civil war | fought between two groups of people in the same nation |
| viceroy | representatives who ruled for the king |
| plantation | large estates run by an owner or overseer |
| encomiendas | the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area |
| peons | workers forced to labor for a landlord to pay off debt |
| peninsulares | people born in Spain, the top of colonial society |
| creoles | American-born descendants of Spanish settlers |
| mestizos | people of Native American and European descent |
| mulattoes | people of African and European descent |
| privateer | pirates who often operated with the approval of European governments |
| missionary | people hoping to spread Christianity to Native Americans |
| revenue | income from taxes |
| compact | an agreement among people |
| triangular trade | colonial trade route among Europe and its colonies, the West Indies, and Africa in which goods were exchanged for slaves |
| repeal | to cancel |
| monopolies | the exclusive control of a business or industry |
| inflation | sharp increase in the amount of money available |
| capitalism | the investment of money to make a profit |
| entrepreneurs | person who assumes financial risk in hopes of making a profit |
| joint stock company | private trading company in which shares are sold to investors to finance business ventures |
| mercantilism | policy by which a nation seeks to export more than it imports in order to build its supply of gold and silver |
| tariff | taxes on imported goods |
