| A | B |
|---|
| Thomas Hobbes | wrote <i>Leviathan,</i> said people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish |
| John Locke | believed people were basically reasonable and moral, had certain natural rights - life, liberty, and property |
| Baron de Montesquieu | thinker and author of <i>The Spirit of the Laws,</i> believed in separation of powers to protect liberty |
| Voltaire | famous philosophe who used his writing to expose corruption in the government |
| Denis Diderot | created <i>The Encyclopedia</i> and wanted to change the way of thinking |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | controversial philosophe who believed people were born good by corrupted by society, believed in the general will |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | British social critic who encouraged equal rights for women |
| The Wealth of Nations | book by Adam Smith that argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity |
| Candide | story by Voltaire that made fun on European society |
| Joseph II | enlightened despot, Hapsburg emperor, traveled in disguise to find out the problems of his people |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | German composer who wrote works for organ and choirs |
| George Frederick Handel | German compose who wrote <i>Water Music</i> and the <i>Messiah</i> |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | child musical prodigy, important composer and performer |
| Daniel Defoe | English novelist, author of <i>Robinson Crusoe</i> |
| Act of Union | 1707, the joining of England and Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Tories | English political party made up of landed aristocrats who wanted to preserve older traditions |
| Whigs | English political party made up of businessmen who supported religious toleration and Parliament over the crown |
| Robert Walpole | Whig leader considered to be Britain's first prime minister |
| George III | British king who ruled for 60 years and ended up losing the American colonies during the Revolution |
| Navigation Acts | passed by Parliament to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing, not strictly enforced |
| Continental Congress | colonists who met to decide about breaking away from England, created an army with George Washington in command |
| George Washington | leader of the Continental Army |
| Battle of Saratoga | turning point in the American Revolution when the Americans defeated the British in 1777, persuaded France to side with America |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | ended the American Revolution, forced Britain to recognize the independence of the United States of America |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments to the US Constitution, recognized basic rights of the people that the government must protect |
