| A | B |
|---|
| ancien regime | old French class system made up of the first, second, and third estates |
| Jacques Necker | financial adviser to Louis XIV |
| cahiers | notebooks listing the problems of the three estates |
| Tennis Court Oath | National Assembly delegates swore to remain together and write a constitution for France |
| National Assembly | delegates of the Third Estate who claimed to represent the people of France |
| Bastille | French prison stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789 |
| Great Fear | attacks on villages and towns that caused panic |
| tricolor | red, white, and blue badge that was eventually adopted as the national flag of France |
| Legislative Assembly | had the power to make laws, collect taxes, and decide on war (created by the Constitution of 1791) |
| Declaration of Pilnitz | the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria threated to intervene with the revolutionaries on behalf of the monarchy |
| Jacobins | French revolutionary political club made up of middle-class lawyers or intellectuals |
| Committee of Public Safety | 12-member committee with absolute power to save the French Revolution |
| Maximilien Robespierre | leader of the Committee of Public Safety, began the Reign of Terror to save the Revolution |
| Directory | created by the Constitution of 1795, a five-man group that ruled with a two-house legislature |
| Olympe de Gouges | female journalist who supported women's rights by writing Declaration of the Rights of Women |
| La Marseillaise | French national anthem |
| Jacques Louis David | artist who painted in the classical style and documented events of the Revolution |
| Consulate | three-man governing board overthrown by Napoleon |
| Concordat of 1801 | Napoleon's peace with the Catholic Church, kept the Church under state control but allowed religious freedom for Catholics |
| Napoleonic Code | new law code that called for equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit |
| Confederation of the Rhine | made up of 38 nations and under the control of Napoleon, formerly the Holy Roman Empire |
| Battle of Trafalgar | British admiral Horatio Nelson smashed the French fleet off the coast of Spain |
| Continental System | Napoleon's attempt to blockade European ports to British goods |
| Joseph Bonaparte | Napoleon's brother, replaced the king of Spain |
| Duke of Wellington | leader of the British army who went to support Spain against France |
| Marie Louise | Austrian princess and Napoleon's new wife, gave him a family connection to the royalty of Europe |
| scorched earth policy | Russian retreat from Napoleon where they burned all crops and villages that might aid the French |
| Waterloo | Napoleon's final defeat at the hands of the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian army |
| Clemens von Metternich | represented Austria at the Congress of Vienna |
| Quadruple Alliance | Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain pledged to act together to maintain the balance of power and suppress revolutions in Europe |
