| A | B |
|---|
| accretion | process that occurs when crustal fragments collide with and stay connected to a continental plate |
| accretionary wedge | a large wedge-shaped mass of sediment that accumulates in subduction zones; Here sediment is scraped from the subducting oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal block. |
| anticline | a fold in sedimentary strata resembling an arch |
| deformation | general term for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as the result of various natural forces |
| fault-block mountain | a mountain formed when large blocks of crust are tilted, uplifted, or dropped between large normal faults |
| folded mountain | a mountain created primarily by compressional stresses, which create folds in the rock layers |
| graben | a valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block |
| horst | an elongated, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults |
| isostasy | the concept that Earth’s crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the material of the mantle |
| isostatic adjustment | process of establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium |
| monocline | a large steplike fold in otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata |
| normal fault | a fault in which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below |
| orogenesis | the processes that collectively result in the formation of mountains |
| reverse fault | a fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below |
| strain | the change in shape or volume of a body of rock as a result of stress |
| stress | the force per unit area acting on a solid |
| strike-slip fault | a fault along which the movement is horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault |
| syncline | a linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline |
| terrane | a crustal block bounded by faults, whose geologic history is distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks |
| thrust fault | a reverse fault with a dip less than 45°, normally about 10–15° |
| uplifted mountain | a circular or an elongated structure formed by uplifting of the underlying basement rock |
