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Learn to Read Greek - Part 1: Vocabulary - Running List

AB
ἀγορά, ἀγορᾶς, ἡagora, marketplace
οἰκίᾱ, οἰκίᾱς, ἡhouse, home
σοφίᾱ, σοφίᾱς, ἡwisdom
συμφορά, συμφορᾶς, ἡcircumstance; misfortune, disaster (ξυμφορά in the tragedians and Thucydides)
χώρᾱ, χώρᾱς, ἡland; country
βουλή, βουλῆς, ἡwill; plan; council; advice
γνώμη, γνώμης, ἡjudgment; spirit, inclination; opinion
δίκη, δίκης, ἡjustice; lawsuit
εἰρήνη, εἰρήνης, ἡpeace
Ἑλένη, Ἑλένης, ἡHelen
μάχη, μάχης, ἡbattle
ψῡχή, ψῡχῆς, ἡsoul; life force
Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλεξάνδρου, ὁAlexander
ἄνθρωπος, ἀνθρώπου, ὁ or ἡhuman being, man
ἑταῖρος, ἑταίρου, ὁcompanion
θεός, θεοῦ, ὁ or ἡgod; goddess
λόγος, λόγου, ὁword; speech; argument; story
νῆσος, νήσου, ἡisland
νόμος, νόμου, ὁcustom; law
ὁδός, ὁδοῦ, ἡroad, path; journey; way
πόλεμος, πολέμου, ὁwar
Πρίαμος, Πριάμου, ὁPriam
ἔργον, ἔργου, τόtask, work; deed
ζῷον, ζῴου, τόliving being; animal
ὅπλον, ὅπλου, τόtool; pl., arms, weapons
τέκνον, τέκνου, τόchild
εἰς, ἐς[prep. + acc.] to, toward; into; against; with a view to, regarding
ἐκ, ἐξ (before words beg. in vowel or dipthong)[prep. + gen.] (out) from, out of; resulting from, in accordance with
ἐν[prep. + dat.] in, on; among, in the presence of
καί[conj.] and, even, also
καί...καί[conjs.] both...and
περί[prep. + gen.] concerning, about; [+ dat.] around; [+ acc.] around, concerning, about
σύν / ξύν[prep. + dat.] (along) with; with the aid of; in accordance with
[interj.] O
αἰτίᾱ, αἰτίᾱς, ἡcause; responsibility
ἀρχή, ἀρχῆς, ἡbeginning; (supreme) power, rule; empire
δόξα, δόξης, ἡopinion, belief; reputation; glory; expectation
θάλαττα, θαλάττης, ἡsea (alternate spelling θάλασσα used by Thucydides and tragedians)
ἀλήθεια, ἀληθείᾱς, ἡtruth
μοῖρα, μοίρᾱς, ἡfate
Γοργίᾱς, Γοργίου, ὁGorgias
νεᾱνίᾱς, νεᾱνίου, ὁyoung man
Ἅιδης, Ἅιδου, ὁHades
Ἀτρείδης, Ἀτρείδου, ὁAtreides, son of Atreus
Εὐρῑπίδης, Εὐρῑπίδου, ὁEuripides
ποιητής, ποιητοῦ, ὁmaker; poet
πολίτης, πολίτου, ὁcitizen
δῆμος, δήμου, ὁ(the) people
φόβος, φόβου, ὁfear
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο(demonstr. adj./pron.) this; pl., these
ἀγαθός, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθόνgood
Ἀθηναῖος, Ἀθηναίᾱ, ΑθηναῖονAthenian; masc. pl. subst., Athenians
δεινός, δεινή, δεινόνfearsome, terrible; marvelous, strange; clever
δίκαιος, δικαίᾱ, δίκαιονright, just
ἐχθρός, ἐχθρά, ἐχθρόνhated, hateful; hostile; masc. subst., enemy
κακός, κακή, κακόνbad, evil
καλός, καλή, καλόνbeautiful; noble; fine
Λακεδαιμόνιος, Λακεδαιμονίᾱ, ΛακεδαιμόνιονLacedaemonian, Spartan; masc. pl. subst., Lacedaemonians, Spartans
μόνος, μόνη, μόνονonly, alone
σοφός, σοφή, σοφόνwise
φίλος, φίλη, φίλον(be)loved, dear; loving, friendly; masc./fem. subst., friend; loved one
ἄδικος, ἄδικονunjust
ἀθάνατος, ἀθάνατονdeathless, immortal
ἀλλά[conj.] but
ἀπό[prep. + gen.] (away) from
διά[prep. + gen.] through; [+ acc.] on account of, because of
[conj.] or
ἤ...ἤ[conjs.] either...or
μή[adv.] not
μόνον[adv.] only
ού, ούκ, ούχ[adv.] not
οὐ/μή μόνον...ἀλλά καίnot only...but also
γαῖα, γαίᾱς, ἡearth; land
γῆ, γῆς, ἡearth; land
ξένος, ξένου, ὁhost, guest, guest-friend; stranger, foreigner
οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ, ὁsky, heaven
πόνος, πόνου, ὁlabor, toil; distress, suffering
σύμμαχος, συμμάχου, ὁally; (older Attic spelling - ξύμμαχος)
ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργμαι, ἦρχθηνrule (+ gen.); (in the active it sometimes means "initiate" or "be the first to start"; [MIDDLE] begin (+ gen.)
διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθηνteach; explain; [MIDDLE] cause (someone) to be taught
ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα, ____, ____be willing, wish
λέγω, λέξω, ἔλεξα / εἶπον, ____, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθηνsay; speak (of), tell (of), recount; call
μέλλω, μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα, ____, ____, ____intend, be about, be likely (+ inf.)
παύω, παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθηνstop (trans.); [MIDDLE] stop (intrans.), cease
πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθηνpersuade; [MIDDLE] obey; heed; believe (+ dat.)
πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθηνsend
αἰσχρός, αἰσχρά, αἰσχρόνdisgraceful, shameful; ugly
κοινός, κοινή, κοινόνcommon (to), shared (with); (+ gen. or dat.) public
ἆρα[particle] (interrog.) introduces a question
γάρ[conj.] (postpositive) for (explanatory); indeed, in fact (confirming)
δέ[conj.] (postpositive) but (adversative), and (connective)
εὖ[adv.] well
μέν[particle] (postpositive) on the one hand;
μέν...δέ / μέν...ἀλλάon the one hand...on the other hand; ..., but...
νῦνnow
πολλάκις[adv.] many times, often
πότε[adv.] (interrog.) when
πρός[prep. + gen.] from; by; in the name of; [+ dat.] near; in addition to; [+ acc.] toward; against; in reply to, in the face of, in relation to
πῶσ[adv.] (interrog.) how
ὑπό[prep. + gen.] under, by, at the hands of; [+ dat.] under, under the power of; [+ acc.] under; during
ἀρετή, ἀρετῆς, ἡexcellence; valor; virtue
νίκη, νίκης, ἡvictory
τύχη, τύχης, ἡchance, fortune
Ἑρμῆς, Ἑρμοῦ, ὁHermes
βίος, βίου, ὁlife; livelihood
βροτός, βροτοῦ, ὁmortal
θάνατος, θανάτου, ὁdeath
υἱός, ὑιοῦ, ὁson
ἔχω, ἕξώ / σχήσω, ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, -έσχημαι, _____have, hold; inhabit, occupy; (intrans.) be able (+ inf.); be (+ adv.); [MIDDLE] hold on to, cling to (+ gen.)
ἀδικέω, ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι, ἠδικήθην(do) wrong (to); injure
ποιέωmake; do; [MIDDLE] make; do; deem, consider
πολεμέω, πολεμήσω, ἐπολέμησα, πεπολέμηκα, _____, ἐπολεμήθηνmake war (upon), be at war (with) (+ dat.); quarrel; fight; [PASSIVE] be treated as an enemy, have war made upon (oneself)
φιλέω, φιλήσω, ἐφίλησα, πεφίληκα, πεφίλημαι, ἐφιλήθηνlove, like; be accustomed, be fond of (+ inf.)
νῑκάωconquer, defeat; prevail (over), win
τελευτάω, τελευτήσω, ἐτελεύτησα, τετελεύτηκα, _____, ἐτελευτήθηνaccomplish, end, finish; die
τῑμάωhonor; [MIDDLE] value, deem worthy
ἀξιόω, ἀξιώσω, ἠξίωσα, ἠξίωκα, ἠξίωμαι, ἠξιώθηνthink worthy; think (it) right; expect, require
δηλόωshow, make clear, reveal
ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο[adj./pron.] (demonstr.) that; pl., those
ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε[adj./pron.] (demonstr.) this; pl., these
μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγαgreat, big
νέος, νέᾱ, νέονnew; young
ὀλίγος, ὀλίγη, ὀλίγονlittle, small; pl., few
πολέμιος, πολεμίᾱ, πολέμιονof an enemy, hostile; (masc. subst.) enemy
πολύς, πολλή, πολύmuch, many
πονηρός, πονηρά, πονηρόνworthless; wicked
χαλεπός, χαλεπή, χαλεπόνsevere, harsh; difficult
δή[particle] (postpositive) certainly, indeed, of course
ἐπί[prep. + gen.] in, on, upon [+ dat.] in, on; in addition to; for (i.e., because of); on condition of [+ acc.] to; against; for (the purpose of)
μετά[prep. + gen.] (along) with; with the aid of; in accordance with; [+ acc.] after
οὕτω(ς)[adv.] in this way, thus, so
ὧδε[adv.] in this way, so; in the following way
ἀνάγκη, ἀνάγκης, ἡnecessity
μαθητής, μαθητοῦ, ὁstudent
τέχνη, τέχνης, ἡskill, art
διδάσκαλος, διδασκάλου, ὁteacher
ἄρχων, ἄρχοντος, ὁruler, commander; archon, magistrate
δαίμων, δαίμονος, ὁ or ἡdivinity, divine power; spirit
Ἕκτωρ, Ἕκτορος, ὁHector
Ἕλλην, Ἕλληνος, ὁHellene, Greek
ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδος, ἡhope; expectation
ἔρως, ἔρωτος, ὁdesire, passion, love
Ζεύς, Διός, ὁZeus
παῖς, παιδός, ὁ or ἡchild; slave
ῥήτωρ, ῥήτορος, ὁpublic speaker, orator; rhetor
φρήν, φρενός, ἡ(sing. or pl.) heart, mind, wits
χάρις, χάριτος, ἡgrace, favor, goodwill; delight; gratitude
δῶμα, δώματος, τό(sing. or pl.) house, home
σῶμα, σώματος, τόbody
χρῆμα, χρήματος, τόthing, matter, affair; (pl.) goods, property, money
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ[relative pron.] who, whose, whom; which, that
ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθηνlead, bring; keep; [MIDDLE] carry away with oneself; marry
ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, _____, ἠκούσθηνlisten (to), hear (of)
ἥκω, ἥξω, _____, _____, _____, _____have come; be present
μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον, μεμάθηκα, _____, _____learn; understand
δεῖ, δεήσει, ἐδέησε(ν), _____, _____, _____(impersonal verb) it is necessary, must; there is a need (+ gen.)
εἰμί, ἔσομαι, _____, _____, _____, _____be; exist; (impersonal) it is possible
ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλοother, another
βάρβαρος, βάρβαρονnon-Greek, foreign; barbarous; (masc. pl. subst.) foreigners; barbarians
θνητός, θνητή, θνητόνmortal
ῥᾴδιος, ῥᾳδίᾱ, ῥᾴδιονeasy
ἀεί / αἰεί[adv.] always
γε[particle] (enclitic) (limiting) at least, at any rate; (emphasizing) indeed
κατά[prep. + gen.] down from, beneath; against [+ acc.] according to, in relation to; throughout
μά[particle + acc.] (used in oaths) by
νή[particle + acc.] (expresses strong affirmation) {yes,} by
παρά[prep. + gen.] from (the side of); by [+ dat.] near; at (the house of); among [+ acc.] to (the side of), beside; contrary to
περ[particle] (enclitic) very, even
ποτέ[adv.] (enclitic) at some time, ever;
ποτέ ... ποτέ ...at one time..., at another time...; sometimes..., sometimes...
οὔποτε / μήποτε[adv.] never
πωσ[adv.] (enclitic) somehow
τε[conj.] (enclitic) and
τοι[particle] (enclitic) surely, you know
χάριν[prep. + preceding gen.] for the sake of
Ἀθῆναι, Ἀθηνῶν, αἱAthens
δεσπότης, δεσπότου, ὁmaster, lord; absolute ruler
ἐλευθερίᾱ, ἐλευθερίᾱς, ἡfreedom
δοῦλος, δούλου, ὁslave
ἀγών, ἀγῶνος, ὁcontest; struggle
ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ/μουI; me
ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶνwe; us
σύ, σοῦ/σουyou
ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶνyou (pl.)
αὐτοῦ, αὐτῆς, αὐτοῦhim, her, it; them
βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, ____, ____, βεβούλημαι, ἐβουλήθηνwant, wish
γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ____become; happen; arise, be born
δέχομαι, δέξομαι, ἐδεξάμην, ____, δέδεγμαι, ____accept, receive; welcome
ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα, ____, ____go, come
ὁράω, ὄψομαι, εἶδον, ἑώρᾱκα/ἑόρᾱκα, ἑώρᾱμαι/ὦμμαι, ὤφθηνsee
αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό-self, very; same
δῆλος, δήλη, δῆλονclear
ἄδηλος, ἄδηλονunclear
ἐλεύθερος, ἐλευθέρᾱ, ἐλεύθερονfree
ἐμός, ἐμή, ἐμόνmy
ἡμέτερος, ἡμετέρᾱ, ἡμέτερονour
ὀρθός, ὀρθή, ὀρθόνstraight; correct
σός, σή, σόνyour
ὑμέτερος, ὑμετέρᾱ, ὑμέτερονyour (pl.)
χρηστός, χρηστή, χρηστόνuseful; good
πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶνall, every; whole
ἅπᾱς, ἅπᾱσα, ἅπαν(quite) all, every; whole
ἄνευ[prep. + gen.] without
ὅτι[conj.] that; because
οὖν[conj.] (postpositive) then, therefore
οὔτε/μήτε ... οὔτε/μήτε ...[conj.] neither ... nor ...
πόθεν[interrog. adv.] from where
ποῖ[interrog. adv.] to where
ποῦ[interrog. adv.] where
ὑπέρ[prep. + gen.] over; on behalf of [+ acc.] beyond
ὡσ[conj.] (proclitic) that; as
ὥσπερ[conj.] just as
νοῦς, νοῦ, ὁmind; sense; thought
πλοῦτος, πλούτου, ὁwealth
γένος, γένους, τόrace, descent; family; sort, kind
γυνή, γυναικός, ἡwoman; wife
Δημοσθένης, Δημοσθένους, ὁDemosthenes
δύναμις, δυνάμεως, ἡpower; ability
Ἑλλάς, Ἑλλάδος, ἡHellas, Greece
ἔπος, ἔπους, τόword; (pl.) lines (of verse), epic poetry; ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, so to speak; practically
μήτηρ, μητρός, ἡmother
πάθος, πάθους, τόexperience; suffering; passion
πατήρ, πατρός, ὁfather
πόλις, πόλεως, ἡcity
πρᾶγμα, πράγματος, τόdeed; matter, thing; (pl.) affairs; troubles
Σωκράτης, Σωκράτους, ὁSocrates
ὕβρις, ὕβρεως, ἡinsolence; (wanton) violence
φύσις, φύσεως, ἡnature
ἀποπέμπω, ἀποπέμψω, ἀπέπεμψα, ἀποπέπομφα, ἀποπέπεμμαι, ἀπεπέμφθηνsend away; [MIDDLE] send away from oneself
διαλέγομαι, διαλέξομαι, ____, ____, διείλεγμαι, διελέχθηνtalk (with), converse (with), (+ dat.); discuss (with) (+ dat.)
ζηλόω, ζηλώσω, ἐζήλωσα, ἐζήλωκα, ____, ____emulate; envy; [PASSIVE] be deemed fortunate
πάρειμι, παρέσομαι, ____, ____, ____, ____be present, be near; be ready
πάσχω, πείσομαι, ἔπαθον, πέπονθα, ____, ____suffer; experience
πράττω, πράξω, ἔπρᾱξα, πέπρᾱχα (trans.) / πέπρᾱγα (intrans.), πέπρᾱγμαι, ἐπράχθηνdo; bring about; practice; manage; (intrans.) fare
προσέχω, προσέξω, προσέσχον, προσέσχηκα, ____, ____hold to; turn to, apply; νοῦν / γνώμην προσέχειν, to pay attention
χαίρω, χαιρήσω, ____, κεχάρηκα, ____, ἐχάρηνrejoice (in), enjoy
ἕκαστος, ἑκάστη, ἕκαστονeach (of several)
ἀληθής, ἀληθέςtrue, real; truthful
σαφής, σαφέςclear, plain; certain, sure
ψευδής, ψευδέςfalse
ὄντως[adv.] really, actually
οὐδέ / μηδέ[con.] and not, nor; [adv.] not even
οὐδέποτε / μηδέποτε[conj.] and not ever, nor ever; [adv.] never
ποθέν[adv.] (enclitic) from somewhere
ποι[adv.] (enclitic) to somewhere
που[adv.] (enclitic) somewhere; I suppose
τότε[adv.] then, at that time
ἡδονή, ἡδονῆς, ἡpleasure
λύπη, λύπης, ήpain
στρατιώτης, στρατιώτου, ὁsoldier
σωτηρίᾱ, σωτηρίᾱς, ἡsafety
κίνδῡνος, κινδύνου, ὁdanger
στρατηγός, στρατηγοῦ, ὁgeneral
στρατός, στρατοῦ, ὁarmy
πλῆθος, πλήθους, τόgreat number, multitude
τεῖχος, τείχους, τόwall
____, ἀλλήλωνone another, each other
____, ἐρῶ, ____, εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, ἐρρήθηνsay, tell (of), speak (of)
ζάω, ζήσω, ____, ____, ____, ____be alive, live
θνῄσκω, θανοῦμαι, ἔθανον, τέθνηκα, ____, ____die; [perfect] be dead
ἀποθνῄσκω, ἀποθανοῦμαι, ἀπέθανον, τέθνηκα, ____, ____die; [perfect] be dead
κτείνω, κτενῶ, ἔκτεινα, ____, ____, ____kill
ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενῶ, ἀπέκτεινα, ἀπέκτονα, ____, ____kill
μάχομαι, μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην, ____, μεμάχημαι, ____fight (against) [+ dat.]
οἴομαι / οἶμαι, οἰήσομαι, ____, ____, ____, ᾠήθηνthink, suppose, believe
φάσκω, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____say, assert
φημί, φήσω, ἔφησα, ____, ____, ____say, assert
χρή, χρῆσται, ____, ____, ____, ____(impersonal verb) it is necessary, ought
ἐναντίος, ἐναντίᾱ, ἐναντίονfacing, opposite; opposing, contrary (to) [+ gen. or dat.]
ἴσος, ἴση, ἴσονequal; fair
μακρός, μακρά, μακρόνlarge, great; long, tall
(σ)μῑκρός, (σ)μῑκρά, (σ)μῑκρόνsmall
παλαιός, παλαιά, παλαιόνold, ancient
ἔτι[adv.] still, yet
οὐκέτι / μηκέτι[adv.] no longer
ἴσωσ[adv.] equally; perhaps
πάνυ[adv.] altogether; very (much), exceedingly; (in answers) by all means, certainly; οὐ πάνυ, not at all
πρό[prep. + gen.] before, in front of
ἀμαθίᾱ, ἀμαθίᾱς, ἡignorance; stupidity
ἀνδρείᾱ, ἀνδρείᾱς, ἡmanliness; courage
δικαιοσύνη, δικαισύνης, ἡjustice
σωφροσύνη, σωφροσύνης, ἡmoderation
τρόπος, τρόπου, ὁway, manner; habit; pl., character
τέλος, τέλους, τόend, purpose; power [Adverbial Accusative] τέλος - finally
φρόνησις, φρονήσεως, ἡintelligence, understanding
τίς, τί[interrog. pron./adj.] who, what; which [Adverbial Accusative] τί - why; how
τις, τι[indef. pron./adj.] someone, something; anyone, anything; some, any [Adverbial Accusative] τι - in any way; at all
διαφθείρω, διαφθερῶ, διέφθειρα, διέφθαρκα/διέφθορα, διέφθαρμαι, διεφθάρηνdestroy (utterly); corrupt, ruin
ἕπομαι, ἕψομαι, ἑσπόμην, ____, ____, ____follow (+ dat.)
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθηνtake, seize; understand; receive [MIDDLE] take hold (of) (+gen.) δίκην λαμβάνειν - to exact punishment
ὑπολαμβάνω, ὑπολήψομαι, ὑπέλαβον, ὑπείληφα, ὑπείλημμαι, ὑπελήφθηνtake up, reply; suppose
μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα, ____, ____remain, stay; (trans.) await
οἶδα, εἴσομαι, ____, ____, ____, ____know
φέρω, οἴσω, ἤνεγκα/ἤνεγκον, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθηνbear, bring, carry; endure [MIDDLE] carry away with oneself; win
φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα, ____, ____flee, avoid, escape
ἄθλιος, ἀθλίᾱ, ἄθλιονwretched, miserable
ἀμαθής, ἀμαθέσignorant, foolish
εὐδαίμων, εὔδαιμονfortunate, happy
σώφρων, σῶφρονmoderate, prudent
εἷς, μία, ἕν(numerical adj.) one
οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν / μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν(adj./substantive) no, not any; no one, nothing
ἄν[particle] used in the apodoses of some conditional sentences
ἄρα[particle] (postpositive) (so) then, therefore; after all
εἰ[conj.] if
εκεῖ[adv.] there
πω[adv.] (enclitic) yet
πώποτε[adv.] ever yet
μέν οὖν[particle combination] (1) {in affirmations} certainly, by all means; (@) {in corrections} no, on the contrary; (3) {in transitions to a new subject} so then, therefore


Immanuel Academy

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