| A | B |
|---|
| CS conditioned stimulus | triggers a conditioned response& is learned |
| CR conditioned response | response that shows learning |
| US unconditioned stimulus | triggers a bodily or emtional response |
| UR unconditioned response | response the US triggers- no learning |
| FR fixed ratio schedule | fixed correct responses |
| VR variable ratio schedules | unpredictable no. of responses |
| FI fixed interval schedule | a specific interval of time |
| VI variable interval schedule | a variable interval of time |
| encoding | getting info into the brain |
| storage | retaining encoded info |
| retrieval | getting info back out of the brain |
| atkinson- shiffrin model of memory | sensory , short term, & long term memory |
| Piaget's theory | a childs mind developes in stages |
| schemas | mental molds into which we pour our experiences |
| zygote | conception to 2 weeks |
| embryo | 2 through 8 weeks |
| teratogens | harmful agents that find their way into the embryo or fetus |
| authoritarian | parenst impose rules and expect obedience |
| permissive | parents submit to their children's desires |
| authoratative | demanding & responsive, explain rule reasons |
| Kohlbergs Moral developement stages | preconventional, conventional, and post conventional moralities |
| Erikson's stages of psychosocial developement | a crisis that needs resolution |
| learning | a realtively permanent behavior change due to experience |
| associative learning | linking 2 events that occur close together |
| extinction | when a behavior dissappears |
| spontaneous recovery | when a behavior reappears |
| Thorndikes law of effect | rewarded behavior is likely to reoccur |
| observational learning | learning from other's experience |
| positive reinforcement | adds something gives us what we want |
| negative reinforcement | removes something we don't want, not punishment |
| operant conditioning | reinforces a behavior |
| shaping | proceedure in which reinforcers such as food guide towards a desired behavior |
| punishment | decreases a behavior |
| generalization | tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned response |
| discrimination | learned ability able to distiguish between conditioned stimulus & irrelevant stimuli |
| NS neutral stimulus | produces no specific response other than focusing attention |
| working memory | short term memory that focus on active processing of incoming info |
| rehearsal | conscience reptition |
| serial positioing | tendancy to recall best the last & first terms in a list |
| spacing effect | better retention if material is distributed study |
| chunking | organizing terms into manageable units |
| automatic processing | unconscience encoding of incidental info |
| explicict | memory of facts & expperiences one knows and declares |
| implicit | retention independant of conscious recollection |
| repression | defense mechanism that keeps you from rembering |
| flashbulb memories | a clear memory of an emtionally significant moment or event |
