| A | B |
|---|
| map | two-dimensional model of Earth's surface |
| place | specific point on Earth distringuished by a particular characteristic |
| region | area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features |
| scale | relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole |
| space | physical gap or interval between two objects |
| connections | relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| cartography | science of mapmaking |
| GPS | system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth |
| remote sensing | acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods |
| GIS | computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data |
| location | position that something occupies on Earth's surface |
| topoym | name given to a place on Earth |
| site | physical character of a place |
| situation | location of a place relative to other places |
| meridian | arc drawn between the North and South Poles |
| longitude | numbering system of meridians |
| parallel | circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator |
| latitude | numbering system of parallels |
| cultural landscape | combination of cultural, economic, and physical features |
| regional studies | cultural landscape |
| formal region | area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| uniform region | area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| homogeneous region | area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| functional region | area organized around a node or focal point |
| nodal region | area organized around a node or focal point |
| vernacular region | place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
| perceptual region | place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity |
| mental map | useful way to identify a perceptual region |
| culture | body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people |
| cultural ecology | study of human-environment relationships |
| environmental determinism | physical environment caused social development |
| possibilism | physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment |
| resources | substances that are useful to people |
| biome | plant community |
| geomorphology | study of Earth's landforms |
| relief | difference in elevation between two points |
| slope | steepness of hills |
| polder | piece of land that is created by draining water from an area |
| globalization | process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope |
| distribution | arrangement of a feature in space |
| density | frequency with which something occurs in space |
| arithmetic density | number of objects in an area |
| physiological density | number of people per unit of arable land |
| agricultural density | number of people per unti of farmland |
| concentration | extent of a features spread over space |
| pattern | geometric arrangement of objects in space |
| space-time compression | reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place |
| distance decay | contact diminishes with increasing distance |
| diffusion | process by which a characteristic spreads across space over time |
| hearth | place from which an innovation originates |
| node | place from which an innovation originates |
| relocation diffusion | spread of an idea through physical movement of people |
| expansion diffusion | spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process |
| hierarchical diffusion | spread of an idea from perons or nodes of authority or power to others |
| contagious diffusion | rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population |
| stimulus diffusion | spread of an underlying principle, even though the characteristic itself does not diffuse |
| uneven development | increasing gap in economic conditions between regionsi n the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy |
