| A | B |
|---|
| acid | a substance soluble in water with a pH of less than 7. An acid turns blue vegetable colours to red colours. |
| acid-base neutralization | when an acid and a base react with each other, the products (water, a salt, and sometimes a gas) are neutral |
| alkali metals | the first group (column) of the periodic table; highly reactive metals |
| alkaline-earth metals | the second group (column) of the periodic table; less reactive than alkali metals |
| aqueous solution | a solution that has water as the solvent |
| atom | the basic building block of matter; the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element. Note |
| atomic mass | the average mass of the atoms of an element |
| atomic nucleus | an atom's centre formed from protons and often neutrons |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| binary compound | molecules formed from two elements |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being changed itself |
| caustic | a chemical that burns or damages living tissue |
| chemical change | a change in which one or more new chemical substances are formed |
| chemical family | a group of elements with similar properties |
| chemical formula | a set of symbols that represent the number and type of atoms in a molecule |
| chemical indicator | a substance containing a chemical that changes colour according to acidity or alkalinity |
| chemical property | a characteristic that describes how a substance changes during a chemical reaction |
| chemical reaction | a process in which a substance is changed into one or more new substancesNote |
| chemistry | the study of properties of matter and the changes matter undergoes |
| colloid | a heterogeneous mixture in which small, solid particles larger than dissolved particles do not settle but remain distributed throughout the mixture |
| combustion | a highly exothermic reaction of a substance with oxygen.Note |
| compound | a pure substance that is made up of two or more elements which are chemically combined |
| conductivity | the ability to transmit an electric current |
| corrosion | the process by which metal or stone is broken down |
| density | the amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance |
| diatomic molecules | molecules consisting of two atoms of the same element |
| electron | an extremely tiny, negatively charged atomic particle |
| element | a pure substance that contains only one type of atom Note |
| element symbol | one or two letters used internationally to represent a particular element |
| emulsion | a type of colloid in which liquids are dispersed in liquids |
| endothermic | characterized by the absorption of energy |
| enzyme | a specialized protein molecule that regulates chemical reactions in living things |
| exothermic | characterized by the release of energy |
| group | a column in the periodic table listing elements with similar chemical properties and the same number of electrons in its outer shell |
| halogens | the family of reactive gases grouped in the second last column of the periodic table |
| heterogeneous mixture | a non-uniform mixture in which two or more parts (phases) can be seen. Note |
| homogeneous mixture | a uniform mixture of two or more substances that looks like one substance (one phase) |
| inhibitor | a substance that slows down or prevents a reaction without changing itself |
| ion | an electrically charged atom or group of atoms due to a loss or gain of electrons |
| ionic compound | a compound formed when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms |
| mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| matter | anything that has mass and occupies space |
| metal | a shiny, ductile, malleable element that conducts electricity |
| metalloids | elements that share properties with both the metals and the non-metals |
| mixture | a substance that consists of two or more pure substances |
| molecule | a particle formed from two or more chemically bonded atoms. Note: Elemental molecules contain only one type of atom, while compound molecules contain two or more types of atoms. |
| neutron | an atomic particle that has no charge |
| noble gases | the family of stable, inert (non-reactive) gases grouped in the last column of the periodic table |
| non-aqueous solution | a solution that has a substance other than water as the solvent |
| non-metal | a family of dull, brittle, non-conductive elements |
| oxidation | a chemical reaction in which oxygen is a reactant.Note |
| period | a row of the periodic table |
| physical change | a change in form but not in chemical composition. Note In a physical change, no new substances are formed. |
| physical property | a property that can be observed or measured without a chemical reaction taking place |
| product | a substance that is produced by a chemical reaction |
| property | a characteristic of a substance that helps describe it |
| proton | a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| pure substance | matter that consists of only one type of particle. Note: All the atoms or molecules of a pure substance are the same. |
| reactant | a substance that goes into a chemical reaction. Note: A reactant is used up or broken apart in a chemical reaction. |
| reaction rate | the measure of how fast a reaction occurs. Note: It's the speed of the reaction. |
| rust | the reddish, brittle coating on iron due to oxidation. Note: Rust is a form of iron oxide that's a product of the chemical reaction between iron, oxygen, and moisture. |
| solvent | a substance that can be used to dissolve another substance |
| suspension | a heterogeneous mixture in which particles settle slowly after mixing |
| titration | the precise addition of a solution in a burette—or a graduated glass tube—into a measured volume of a sample solution |
| volume | the measurement of the amount of space occupied by a substance |
