| A | B |
|---|
| old immigrants | a term often used for an immigrant who arrived in the United States before the 1880s |
| new immigrants | a term often used for an immigrant who arrived in the United States beginning in the 1880s |
| steerage | the area on a ship in the lower levels where the steering mechanisms were located and where cramped quarters were provided for people who could only afford cheap passage |
| benevolent societies | an aid organization formed by immigrant communities |
| tenements | poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived |
| sweatshops | hot, stuffy workshops in which workers prepare materials for low wages |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | a law passed by Congress that banned Chinese from immigrating to the United States for 10 years |
| mass transit | public transportation |
| suburbs | a neighborhood outside of a downtown area |
| mass culture | leisure and cultural activities shared by many people |
| Joseph Pulitzer | American journalist and newspaper publisher, he established the Pulitzer Prize for public service and advancement of education. |
| William Randolph Hearst | American journalist, he was famed for sensational news stories, known as yellow journalism, that stirred feelings of nationalism and formed public opinion for the Spanish-American War. |
| department stores | giant retail shop |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | American landscape architect who promoted the idea of recreational parks across the nation and helped design Central Park in New York City. |
| Jacob Riis | Photographer and journalist who took shocking pictures of the lives of poverty-stricken immigrants, sweatshop workers, and tenement dwellers. These photos were published in How the Other Half Lives. |
| settlement houses | neighborhood centers staffed by professionals and volunteers for education, recreation, and social activities in poor areas |
| Jane Addams | American social worker and activist, she was the co-founder of Hull House, an organization that focused on the needs of immigrants. She helped found the American Civil Liberties Union and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. |
| Hull House | a settlement house founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889 |
| Florence Kelley | American reformer, she was active in the settlement house movement and led progressive reforms in labor conditions for women and children |
