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| For most of the beginning of Vietnam's history they resisted attempts by ____________ to take them over. | China |
| Who took control of Vietnam during World War II? | Japan |
| After WWII, what European country fought to gain control over Vietnam? | France |
| After WWII, who aroused people's nationalism and got the Vietnamese to fight the French? | Ho Chi Minh |
| The followers of Ho Chi Minh who helped him to fight the French were called ___________. | Viet minh |
| What conference was held in Switzerland to try and settle the conflict? | The Geneva Conference |
| The Geneva Conference took place after the French were defeated at _________________. The French were surrounded by the Viet mihn and asked the U.S. to help but we thought it was too costly and the French fell and tried to negotiate a settlement. | Diem Bien Phu |
| What was the result of the Geneva Conference? | Vietnam was divided into two separate nations along the 17th parallel. Elections were to be held in 1956 to unify the country. |
| Who controlled South Vietnam after the Geneva Accord? | Ngo Dinh Diem |
| Why did the United States and Diem refuse to sign the Geneva Accord? | The U.S. didn't sign because they were not willing to accept reunification under communism, Diem refused free elections because he knew Ho Chi Mihn would win. |
| How did President Eisenhower aide South Vietnam in 1960? | He sent 675 military adivisors. |
| What were "strategic hamlets"? | government farming communities where Diem moved the peasants from their ancestral lands. |
| What caused people in South Vietnam to become upset with Diem's rule? | the moving of peasants to "strategic hamlets", he was a Catholic in a largely Buddhist country and he insisted they obey Catholic laws, he filled government positions with his own family, U.S. money that was to go for economic reforms went to the military or corrupt political leaders, he jailed people who criticized him. |
| How did the United States aide in the overthrow of Diem? | They told the South Vietnamese military they would not object to his overthrow so military leaders staged a coup, seized the government, and assassinated Diem. |
| Who was John F. Kennedy's Secretary of Defense? | Robert McNamara |
| Communist guerrilas in South Vietnam were called _______________. | Viet Cong |
| During the Presidential campaign for 1964 did how did Johnson feel about sending troops to Vietnam? | He said, "We are not about to send American boys nine or ten thousand miles away from home to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves." |
| What was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident? | North Vietnamese topedo boats attacked U.S. destroyers in the Tonkin Gulf. Details are sketchy and some doubted that the incident actually took place. |
| What was the result of the Tonkin Gulf Incident? | Johnson asks Congress for a resolution to take "all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack agianst the U.S. and to prevent any further attack. |
| What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution do? | It gave President Johnson complete control of what the United States would do in Vietnam, even without a declaration of war. |
| This was the supply route through which North Vietnamese troops and supplies flowed into South Vietnam to supply the Viet Cong. | Ho Chi Mihn Trail |
| Where did much of the Ho Chi Mihn Trail run? | through Laos |
| When did the Tet Offensive take place? | On Tet, the Vietnamese New Year. |
| What was the Tet Offensive? | When the North Vietnamese launched an attack on South Vietnam. |
| Who won the Tet Offensive? | The Viet Cong were turned back and had huge losses, but they won a psychological victory. Images of fighting flooded American television and turned many Americans against the war. |
| What were battle conditions like? | They carried 60 pound packs through 10 foot tall jungle grass. The Viet Cong did not have uniforms so did not know who was friend or foe and you had to be aware of their guerilla tactics. |
| What was Agent Orange used for? | to kill the dense forest so they could see the Viet Cong |
| This was a jellylike substance that when dropped from a plane was like a firebomb. It stuck to people's bodies and seared off their flesh. | napalm |
| This was an incident when innocent South Vietnamese were killed by American soldiers. | My Lai |
| What did the Pentagon Papers reveal? | That government officials lied to Congress and the American people about the Vietnam War |
| Where did the first confrontation between college students and the police take place? | Berkely |
| This protest method was when 50-60 teachers decided to teach a night session in which issues concerning the war could be aired. | teach-in |
| This Act allowed the governemtn to draft men between the ages of 18 to 26. | Selective Service Act |
| This was the term given to people who opposed fighing the war on moral and religious grounds. | conscientious objectors |
| An official postponement that said you would not have to go to war. | deferment |
| People who belong to a culture that goes against the mainstream are called the __________. | counterculture |
| People who were aware of the latest styles were called _________. | Hippies |
| This was a large music and art festival in upstate New York. | Woodstock |
| Why did people in the mainstream culture not like Woodstock? | They deplored the drugs, sex, and nudity they saw at Woodstock. It represented a rejection of morals and values. |
| Who was hired to keep the peace at a Rolling Stone's concert at Altamont Speedway and what happened? | The Hell's Angels, they ended up beating a man to death. |
| In the 1968 election, who pledged to bring the troops home from Vietnam? | President Nixon |
| Why did Robert Kennedy enter the race for the Democratic primary? | He was critical of the Vietnam war. |
| This policy involved removing American forces and replacing them with South Vietnamese soldiers. | Vietnamization |
| President Nixon widened the war beyond the borders of Vietnam. He ordered secret bombings in the country of __________. | Cambodia |
| Why did Nixon feel the need to bomb Cambodia? | He said it was to clear communist camps there, from which the enemy was mounting attacks on South Vietnam |
| At what college did the police fire on student protestors and killed four students? | Kent State |
| What were the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty? | The U.S. would withdraw all troops from South Vietnam, all prisoners of war would be released, all military activities would end in Laos and Cambodia, and the 17th parallel would continue to divide North and South Vietnam until the country could be reunited. |
| What was the capital of North Vietnam? | Hanoi |
| What was the capital of South Vietnam? | Saigon |
| What were the results of the Vietnam War? | 1. longest war in American history 2. 58,000 Americans were dead 3. more bombs fell on Vietnam than on all the Axis powers during World War II. 4. Laos and Cambodia fell to Communist governments |
| Who led the Communists in Cambodia? | Pol Pot |
| the belief that if Vietnam fell to communism, other countries would soon fall. | domino theory |
| use of hit and run tactics | guerrilla warfare |
| After the fall of Dien Bien Phu, this was the conference to decide the peace agreement. | Geneva Conference |
| What was decided by the Geneva Accords? | cease-fire, Vietnam divided at 17th parallel, Vietminh would control the north and the French would withdraw from the country, a militarized zone along the 17th parallel would act as a buffer zone to prevent fighting between north and south, general elections would be held to unify the country, |
| What was the army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) | South Vietnamese army |
| How did Quang Duc (a Buddhist monk) protest Diem's policies? | He set himself on fire. |
| This was the name of the bombing campaign in Vietnam | Operation Rolling Thunder |
| a technique where a string of bombs are dropped from high altitude with no specific target. | carpet bombing |
| Who was the commander of U.S. ground troops in South Vietnam? | William Westmoreland |
| What was the pacification program? | A program to win the hearts and minds of the South Vietnamese |
| What difficulties did Americans face while fighting in Vietnam? | jungle warfare conditions, hard to tell who enemy was (no uniforms) Vietcong knew the geography of the land, Vietnamese used tunnels and made booby traps and land mines. Vietnamese used punji sticks |
| This Act requires young men between ages 18 and 30 to register for the draft. | Selective Service Act |
| This is a postponement of service | deferment |
| people who refused to serve in the military because of religious or philosophical views against wars or killing. | conscientious objectors |
| people who supported the war's goals | hawks |
| people who opposed the war | doves |
| where did most of the antiwar activity take place? | on college campuses |
| This was one of the most vocal antiwar groups, especially on college campuses | Student Democratic Society (SDS) |
| What were the effects of the Tet Offensive? | showed that no part of South Vietnam was safe from attack, shattered American's belief that US would soon win the war, Walter Cronkite came to doubt that the war could be won. |
