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Physical Science complete Review Part 1 (60 cards)

This will be handy at beginning of Periodicity.

AB
Anything that has mass and takes up space.Matter
Matter can be classified as:Elements, compounds, mixtures
Two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio form:a compound
Atoms of any ______ are alike but are different from the atoms of any other ____ .Element
An important group of compounds that contain hydrogenAcids
When acids dissolve in water, ____________ are released into the resulting solution.Hydrogen ions (H+)
A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) into solution.a base
A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solutionpH
pH scale ranges from:0-14
Solutions with a pH lower than 7 are:Acidic
Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are:Basic
A pH of 7 is:Neutral
This is formed along with water when an acid reacts with a base?A salt
Name seven physical properties of matter.Shape, density, solubility, odor, melting point, boiling point, color
Which physical properties are characteristic of a substance and do not depend on the size of the sample?Density, solubility and boiling point
Name 4 chemical properties of a substance.Acidity, basicity combustibility, and reactivity
All organic compounds contain this.Carbon
Building blocks of matterAtoms
Model of the structure of the atom that does not depict the three dimensional aspect of an atom and implies that electrons are in static orbits.The Bohr model.
Model that represents our current understanding of the structure of the atom.The electron cloud
The number of elementsMore than 110
No element with an atomic number greater than this is found in measurable quantities on Earth.92
Elements with atomic numbers over 92 are:artificially produced in a laboratory setting
Elements combine in many ways to produce ____ that make up all substances on Earth.compounds
A tool used to organize information about the elementsThe periodic table
The basis for the arrangement of atoms on the Periodic Table is:the number of protons in its nucleus (the atomic number)
The information on the periodic table can be used to predict:chemical reactivity
The boxes for all of the elements are arranged in increasing order of:atomic number
The elements have increasing _________ character as you read from left to right across the tableNonmetallic
These are along the stair-step line.Metalloids
The metalloids have properties of both:metals and nonmetals
These are located to the right of the stair step line.non-metals
These tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions.Metals
In chemical reactions, metals tend to these.positive ions
These tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions, forming negative ions.non-metals
Gaining or losing electrons makes an atom this.an ion
Gaining or losing neutrons makes an atom this.an isotope
Gaining or losing a proton makes an atom into this.a completely different element
The number of outer energy level electrons.Valence
This determines an element's chemical properties or chemical reactivity.The number of electrons in the outermost energy level.
The vertical columns in the tableGroups or families
Elements in each group have similar properties because they have this.The same number of electrons in the outermost energy level.
The horizontal rows on the Periodic TablePeriods
Atoms react to form chemically stable substances that are held together by these.Chemical bonds
To become chemically stable, atoms:gain, lose or share electrons
When two elements react chemically, these are formed.Binary compounds
When a metallic element reacts with a nonmetallic element, their atoms gain and lose electrons respectively, forming:Ionic bonds
Generally, when two nonmetals react, atoms share electrons, forming:Covalent bonds
Matter can undergo ________ and ________ changes.physical and chemical
In ____ changes, the chemical composition of the substances does not change.physical
In _______ changes, different substances are formed.chemical
This law states that regardless of how substances within a closed system are changed, the total mass remains the same.The Law of Conservation of Matter
Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed only changed from one form to another?The Law of Conservation of Energy
Changes that take place in a chemical reaction can be represented by a:Chemical equation
The chemical formulas of the _____ are written on the left.Reactants
In a chemical equation, an arrow indicates:A change to a new substance
Chemical formulas of the ______ are written on the right.Products
Two broad types of chemical reactions are:Exothermic and endothermic
A chemical reaction in which energy is released is:exothermic
A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed is:endothermic


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