| A | B |
|---|
| _____ flows through ecosystems while _____ cycles within them. | Energy, matter p. 1218 |
| In any energy transformation, some energy is always "lost" to the environment as ____. | heat p. 1219 |
| The trophic level that ultimately supports all other trophic levels is the ____, also called the ____. | primary producers, a.k.a. autotrophs p. 1219 |
| All organisms from the second trophic level on are called ____, a.k.a. ____. | heterotrophs, consumers p. 1220 |
| Organisms in the second trophic level are called ____ or ____. | primary consumers, herbivores p. 1220 |
| Another word for detritivore is ____. | decomposer p. 1220 |
| The two main types of decomposers are ____ and ____. | prokaryotes (bacteria) and fungi p. 1220 |
| The amount of light energy converted into chemical energy during a given time period is an ecosystem's _____. | primary production p. 1220 |
| What are the two nutrients that are most likely to be limiting nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem? | nitrogen and phosphorus p. 1223 |
In this pyramid of net production, how much energy will be found at each level if the trophic efficiency is 10%?,  | p. 1226,  |
| In the water cycle, water changes from the liquid to the gaseous form by ____. | evaporation p. 1228 |
| In the water cycle, water changes from the gaseous to the liquid form by ____. | condensation p. 1228 |
| Condensed water in the atmosphere that falls toward Earth is called ____. | precipitation p. 1228 |
| Water evaporates from the surface of leaves in a process called ____. | transpiration p. 1228,  |
| The element that forms the backbone of all organic molecules is ____. | carbon p. 1228 |
| A crucial element needed to make amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids is ____. | nitrogen p. 1229 |
| The atmosphere is approximately 80% _____ gas. | nitrogen p. 1229 |
| In the nitrogen cycle, the conversion by bacteria of nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into forms that can be used by autotrophs to synthesize organic nitrogen compounds, is called ____. | nitrogen fixation p. 1229,  |
Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria can convert the nitrate ion into ____ during the process of denitrifcation.,  | N2 (gaseous nitrogen) p. 1229 & p. 793 |
| Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria can convert the nitrate ion into N2 (gaseous nitrogen) during the process of _______., | denitrification p. 1229 & p. 793 |
| The element that is crucial for the formation of nucleic acids, ATP and phospholipids is _____. | phosphorus p. 1229 |
| The amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) by autotrophs in an ecosystem during a given time period. | primary production p. 1220 |
| A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of autotrophs such as algae and cyanobacteria. | eutrophication p. 1224,  |
| Which type of organism is crucial to the nitrogen cycle? | prokaryotes (different types of bacteria change nitrogen containing molecules from one form to the next in the nitrogen cycle) p. 1229 |
| Which terrestrial ecosystem is the most productive? | tropical rain forests p. 1224 |
