| A | B |
|---|
| Homo Sapiens Sapiens | Modern man, first developed 100,000 to 400,000 years ago |
| Homo Habilis | "man with ability" made the first tools |
| paleolithic era | "old stone age" man developed simple tools and survival abilities like making fire |
| neolithic era | "new stone age" man develops comple tools and the ability to farm |
| nomads | people who travel in search of food and water rather than farming |
| domesticate | to train animals and plants to behave as humans desire |
| Archaeologist | someone who studies past cultures by looking at artifacts and fossils |
| Radio carbon dating | tool used by Archaeologists to determine how old a fossil is |
| Kush | civilization located on the "upper" (southern) nile river |
| Tigris and Euphrates River Valley | "cradle of civilization" where the earliest civilizations have been found |
| river valleys | fertile areas where civilizations first developed |
| mesopotamia | "land between the rivers" where the earliest civilizations were found |
| Phoenicians | sea traders in the fertile crescent known for developing the first alphabet |
| Hebrews | first group to believe in one god |
| Theocracy | government where the religious leade ris also the political leader |
| Assyrians | strongest fighting group from Mesopotamia, very cruel to those they conquered |
| Hammurabi's Code | babylonian law code that was based on philosophy of an "eye for an eye" |
| Hittites | first group to use Iron weapons |
| Ten Commandments | set of moral and religious laws contributed by the Hebrews and Moses |
| polytheistic | worshipping many gods |
| monotheistic | worshipping one god. Developed by Hebrews |
| Egyptian Pyramids | built as tombs for Egyptian Pharoahs |
| Abraham | founder of Judaism who made a covenant with God |
| Torah | Jewish Holy book |
| diaspora | term for the dispersion of Jews across the world due to persecution by other groups |
| Heiroglyphics | Egyptian writing system based on pictograms |
| Cuneiform | first written language developed by Sumerians |
| Persian Empire | vast empire in middle east, who were tolerant to the people they conquered |
| Royal Road | major trade route for the Persian Empire |
| Gupta Empire | led India through its golden age making many advancements in Math, literature and education |
| Caste system | rigid class structure in india where people inherited jobs and could not move up or down in society |
| Indus river | major river for India's first civilization |
| reincarnation | Hindu belief that people are reborn based on how they lived their previous life |
| Aryans | invaders of India who came through the Hindu Kush Mountains and established the Caste system |
| Huang He River | main river which chinese civilizations rose around |
| Mandate from Heaven | idea that the Chinese emperors were given their rule by the gods |
| civil service system | giving government jobs to qualified people rather than to family members or friends |
| Qin Shi Huang Di | built the great wall of China |
| silk road | trade route linking Europe and Asia |
| Equator | zero degrees latitutde |
| Prime Meridian | zero degress longitude |
| Dynasty | rule is passed down through a family |
| Moses | brought the ten commandments and led the jews out of slavery in Egypt. |
| Diaspora | spreading of the Jews through exile |
| Neolitihc revolution | change in lifestyle that resulted in permannent civilizations mainly due to farming. |
| Homo erectus | "man who walks upright" |
| Australopithecus | earliest hominid (ex."lucy) |
| Pharoah | Egyptian leader |
